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Dry Cooling Dry cooling is becoming more prevalent in new power plants because of various state and federal water limitations. Dry cooling uses very little water. All of the waste heat from the power plant is rejected to the air. However, a significant temperature difference is needed to provide adequate heat exchange, and so the condenser temperature is about 30- 50 F higher than the ambient air temperature. This results in a higher condensate temperature on hotter days which, in turn, raises the condenser pressure causing the steam turbine to be less efficient, see Figure 10. Dry cooling systems are more expensive and result in lower plant thermal efficiency, especially in hot climates and on hot days— typically when and where peak power is most in need.27 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% -2.0% -3.0% -4.0% -5.0% -6.0% -7.0% -8.0% 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 Plant Output vs. STG Backpressure 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Steam Turbine Backpressure (in Hga) Low Backpressure Design High Backpressure Design Condensing Temperature Figure 10: Plant output as a function of condensing temperature and turbine back pressure for a dry cooled plant optimized for low and high back pressure conditions With dry cooling, the most straightforward way to minimize water use is to route exhaust steam directly to air-cooled condensers (ACCs). Typically the steam passes through an array of tubes and air is blown by a fan across the array. These systems can require considerable fan power. A comparison of the performance and economics of a water-cooled trough plant located in Daggett, California to an air-cooled one showed that the performance of the air-cooled Page 13 of 24 Change in Plant Output (%) Condensing Temperature (Deg F)PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application
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