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c Wet Cooling water consumption compares at 865 gal/MWh. From Tables 6 and 7 of reference 32. d LCOE adjusted by adding increased annual revenue over constant solar field size. Table 1 gives a financial comparison of an air cooled condenser (dry), and (hybrid) ACC parallel with a wet cooling tower, relative to evaporative cooling tower (wet). Costs of each system including capital equipment, installation, water treatment, solar field, and operation and maintenance (O&M), were considered along with the estimated performance and revenue based on historical climatology data and current value for power generated in the southern California area. If there is water available, the PCS is a water-saving alternative. On the other hand, both a wet and dry cooling system will have to be maintained and the wet system may be cycled in and out of operation These two facts will increase the maintenance costs of the cooling system. Table 2 summarizes the amount of water presently consumed by power plants throughout the U.S. and the options available to CSP for reducing water consumption. Table 2: Comparison of consumptive water use of various power plant technologies using various cooling methods Technology Coal / Nuclear Natural Gas Power Tower Parabolic Trough Dish / Engine Fresnel Cooling Once-Through Recirculating Air Cooling Recirculating Recirculating Combination Hybrid Parallel Air Cooling Recirculating Combination Hybrid Parallel Air Cooling Mirror Washing Recirculating Gallons MWhr 23,000 – 27,000*** 400 - 750 50 - 65 200 500 - 750 90-250 90 800 100-450 78 20 1000 Perform. Penalty* Cost Penalty** Reference 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 4 (estm.) 10, 11 9 5 7, Appx. A 6, 9 5 (estm.) 1-3% 1.3% 1-4% 4.5-5% 5% 8% 2-9% For using a less water intensive cooling technique: * = Annual energy output loss is relative to the most efficient cooling technique. ** = Added cost to produce the electricity. Page 17 of 24PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application
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