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Appendix A 3) A hybrid system, which uses an air cooled condenser in parallel with a wet, mechanical draft cooling towers. A schematic diagram of the equipment arrangement is shown in Figure 3. On high ambient temperature days, the wet system is placed in service. A portion of the turbine exhaust condenses on the surface condenser, and the balance of the flow is condensed in the air cooled condenser. The reduced thermal demand on the air cooled condenser allows a closer approach to the dry bulb temperature, which results in a lower turbine exhaust pressure than achieved with a dry system alone. The hybrid system consists of an air cooled condenser, vacuum pumps, and all of the equipment associated with the wet system, but with smaller equipment capacities than required in Item 1. The hybrid cooling study was conducted through the following steps: • • • • • 2. Six performance models were developed of a 137 MWe Rankine cycle using the GateCycle program [Reference 2]; one for wet heat rejection, one for dry heat rejection, and four for hybrid heat rejection. The hybrid cases included equipment sizes sufficient to maintain maximum condenser pressures of 2.5, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 in. HgA throughout the year Calculations of the thermal output from the collector field, and the thermal input to the steam generator, were developed for each hour of the year For each of the 3,421 hours of solar operation each year, the thermal input to the steam generator, and the ambient temperatures, were used to calculate the steam flow rates, gross electric output, and auxiliary electric power requirements for the cooling tower fans and Rankine cycle pumps. The results were exported to an Excel file, from which the annual gross and net outputs and efficiencies were calculated. Capital cost estimates were developed for each of the 6 heat rejection systems. Operating cost estimates for the makeup water treatment system for the wet and the hybrid heat rejection systems were developed. Power Plant Design The performance model for the Rankine cycle, various design parameters for the heat rejection systems, are discussed in the following sections. 2.1 Rankine Cycle The Rankine cycle design follows a conventional, single reheat design with 5 closed and 1 open extraction feedwater heaters. The main steam pressure and temperature are 1,465 lbf/in2 and 703 °F, respectively, and the reheat steam temperature is 703 °F. For all of the heat rejection cases, the design condenser pressure is 2.5 in. HgA. ivPDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application
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