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Table 4: Installed Generation Capacity in CA, 2008 (MW) Total Hydro 2,446.6 1,524.3 1,441.3 485.7 2,250.9 776.4 1,581.4 522.0 879.7 105.3 1,623.5 870.0 10,223.5 4,283.6 *It seems that this number was overestimated; the actual installed geothermal capacity in Nicaragua 2010 as shown in Table 5 below. Geoth. 165.7 204.4 44.0 0.0 87.5* 0.0 501.6 HFO 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 Diesel 319.0 626.0 706.9 899.3 251.3 313.8 Gas Turb. Coal 347.7 0.0 16.2 0.0 215.9 152.4 72.5 8.0 79.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 771.3 160.4 Cogen Wind Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Total CA 229.8 399.8 634.1 20.0 69.9 109.0 0.0 350.8 0.0 79.6 0.0 126.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 686.2 69.9 was 80 MW in 3,116.3 Source: Electricity Sector Statistics of ECLACL, 2008 Annual Statistics. 20. Until 1990, Central American countries harnessed their considerable hydrological resources to generate most of their electricity. In 1990 renewable energy accounted for 91 percent of power generated in Central America, although there was some variation between countries. Costa Rica and Honduras relied on renewable energy for 99 and 100 percent respectively, while Nicaragua stood at 61 percent – a low for the region. With electricity demand growing rapidly, the volume of electricity generated more than doubled from about 14,500 GWh in 1990 to 38,000 GWh in 2007 and capacity grew proportionally from 4009 MW to 9486 MW over the same period. Over this twenty year period, as much fossil fuel based generation capacity was built, mainly by the private sector, than capacity derived from renewable resources. This shift in generation sources made the region increasingly dependent on oil products which resulted in huge financial consequences from 2006 to 2008 when the costs of power purchases skyrocketed and some countries faced shortfalls in generation costs representing up to 3 percent of GDP (Figure 6). Figure 6: Newly Added Capacity and Generation Matrix in Central America by Year 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -1000 1,296 1,497 1,659 2,432 2007 CentralAmerica:netcapacityadded (MW) 1985- 1990 Diesel Coal 1995 2000 2001 2002 Geothermal Wind 2,347 2,494 2005 2006 GT 1 730 727 ,49 51 Hydro Steam-bunker Cogen Peak demand ,49 1,143 939 1,215 2,254 2004 3 1,761 1 ,90 2003 0 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 12% 76% Central America - Generation mix 86% 14% 11% 10% 59% 24% 57% 28% 8% 8% 49% 29% 8% 49% 32% 8% 46% 31% 8% 49% 31% 49% 30% 49% 30% 8% 46% 1985 1990 Hydro Geotherm 2004 2005 Diesel GT Coal 1995 2000 2001 Wind Cogener Steam 2002 2003 2006 2007 Source: ECLAC-Estadísticas Subsector Eléctrico 2007 Source: ECLAC-Estadísticas Subsector Eléctrico 2007 9PDF Image | Drilling Down on Geothermal Potential Central America
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