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agencies and related environmental laws in these countries that regulate the methodology, scope, content, and legal requirements for the EIAs (Table 18). Table 18: Central American Environmental Regulatory Framework Country Costa Rica Environmental Legal Framework Ley Orgánica del Ambiente Reglamento General de Procedimientos de EIA (2004) No 31849 Responsible Agency MINAE (Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía) SETENA El Salvador Ley del Medio Ambiente (1998) and Reglamento Categorización de actividades, Obras o Proyectos conforme a la Ley del Medio Ambiente” de Septiembre de 2008 Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN) Dirección General de Gestión Ambiental Guatemala Decreto 68-86 Ley de Protección y Mejoramiento del Medio Ambiente Acuerdo Gubernativo 23-2003 and 134-2005 (specific activities subject to EIA) Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN) Honduras Ley General del Ambiente Reglamento del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SINEIA) Decreto 635-2000 (specific list of activities) Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERNA) Direccion de Evaluacion y Control Ambiental Nicaragua Panama Ley General del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales, Ley 217 Reglamento General de procedimientos de EIA Ley 41 de 1 de Julio de 1998. Decreto Ejecutivo No. 59 de 16 de marzo de 2000 Resolución AG-292-01 de 10 de setiembre de 2001 Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARENA) Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) 44. There are several challenges in implementing laws related to geothermal development. First, specific regulations for implementing the laws may not take into account the characteristics of geothermal energy. In El Salvador, the geothermal project developer La Geo found it difficult to use the generic EIA template available for geothermal concessions and plant development. As a result, the Ministry of Environment is developing an EIA template for use in geothermal projects. 45. Another major challenge for geothermal development is the issue of protected areas. In Costa Rica and Nicaragua the most promising geothermal sites are situated within the protected areas, however this type of development is prohibited under the national protected areas law in Costa Rica. A new bill entitled, “Regulation Law for Geothermal Production in National Parks” (File No. 16,137) has been developed to authorize ICE to develop the geothermal resources in national parks and has been presented to congress for approval. In Nicaragua, the environmental law has been modified to allow an exception for renewable energy.21 In other countries the protected areas authorities may permit activities within a certain restricted area and include requirements for compensatory measures or payments. Although this could potentially be a win- win situation, payments are sometimes relatively small and do not provide significant income that would permit the improvement of protection activities. 21 Ley No 647 del 2008. Ley De Reformas y Adiciones a La Ley No. 217, “Ley General Del Medio Ambiente y Los Recursos Naturales. 26PDF Image | Drilling Down on Geothermal Potential Central America
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