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cycle plants use lower temperature geothermal resources to produce steam from a secondary working fluid with a lower boiling point. 5. Conventional flash-steam geothermal power plants, also called “condensing unit”, are commonly built in sizes from 35 to 60 MWe; this is the standard application for fluid or steam geothermal resources that have temperatures above 220 °C. In Figure 14 below, the flow of high temperature fluids (hot end) is indicated in red and the flow of the cooling water (cold end) in blue. Fluids that turns to steam and condensed fluids usually get re-injected into the reservoir. Figure 14: Schematic of a Typical Condensing Geothermal Power Plant Source: Modified from Dickson & Fanelli, 2004 6. Binary power plants (Figure 15) utilize a secondary working fluid, usually an organic fluid (typically n-pentane), that has a low boiling point and a high vapor pressure at low temperatures compared to steam. Binary fluid technology allows electricity to be generated from low-to-medium temperature geothermal fluids and from the waste hot waters coming from the separators in water - dominated geothermal fields in the temperature range of 85- 170 °C. The secondary fluid is operated through a conventional Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): the geothermal fluid yields heat to the secondary fluid through heat exchangers, in which this fluid is heated and vaporizes; the vapor produced drives a normal axial flow turbine, is then cooled and condensed, and the cycle begins again. Binary plant technology is a very cost-effective and reliable means of converting the energy available from geothermal field water (below 170 °C) into electricity. 55PDF Image | Drilling Down on Geothermal Potential Central America
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