PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 083
million US dollars, every single gradient well could add US$0.5 to 1 million to that figure. Investments for phase 1 and 2 are project specific and therefore cannot be generalized. 16. Both environmental and social aspects must be considered at this phase, as exploration teams enter areas that potentially are not accustomed to or notified of the presence of workers and heavy equipment. In addition to proper communication programs to inform the surrounding community before and during exploratory work, measures should be taken to minimize noise and traffic interruptions, control dust, contain and dispose of liquid and solid waste, and restore the exploratory site. 17. Phase 3, the test drilling phase, is the last of the “preparatory” phases. At the end of this phase the project developer should be able to decide, based on scientific evidence and characteristics of the data acquired, whether he wants to continue the project (e.g. build and operate a power plant) or abandon it. 18. In the beginning of this phase, a drilling program is designed to develop the target in order to confirm the existence, the exact location, and the potential of the reservoir in question. Usually a set of 3 to 5 full size geothermal wells are drilled, but depending on location, accessibility and infrastructure at the geothermal field, it is often advisable to start with slim holes. Slim holes are holes with a smaller diameter than full size wells, meaning they can be drilled with lighter equipment (drillings rigs) than full size wells, which require extremely heavy equipment (several hundred tons), transported in many dozens of containers (See Figure 17). At this stage, no final decision is made about whether the wells will be used as production or re-injection wells, since the developer does not know the performance of the wells at this stage. New wells might have to be stimulated after drilling in order to remove any mud or other material clogging the cracks and faults in the rocks and thereby increase permeability and volume flow of the geothermal fluids or steam into the borehole. Interference tests between the different boreholes will show if and how the wells are interconnected and thereby give scientists a clearer picture of the potential, shape and size of the reservoir in the subsurface. 19. The investments related to this phase can be high, but are project specific. Depending on the location and depth of drilling, a slim hole drilling costs between US$ 0.5 and 1.5 million, while a full size well would usually be in the range of US$ 2 to 6 million. For example, for four full size wells of 2.5 to 3 km each and the related scientific work the investment would typically be between US$ 10 and 25 million, depending on the location of the geothermal field and the need to build or reinforce access roads. The mobilization costs for the drilling equipment can be a significant part of the overall costs of this phase, since dozens of heavy full size containers, including fuel and power generators, long steel pipes (casings) and cement will have to be transported to the drilling site. 60PDF Image | Drilling Down on Geothermal Potential Central America
PDF Search Title:
Drilling Down on Geothermal Potential Central AmericaOriginal File Name Searched:
CentralAmerica_Drilling_Down_Geothermal_Potential_Optimized.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)