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Background Canada as of 2010. Electricity has been produced in the past during a test at the Meager Creek facility in British Columbia. Electricity was produced in a test, but this facility is not producing as of 2010. A pilot project for production of electricity and heat from oil and gas wells in Swan Hills, Alberta is in development. Direct heat projects include a demonstration project for a greenhouse in Chilliwack, B.C. and the direct use heating of a plastics factory from an abandoned coal mine in Springhill, Nova Scotia.5 Geothermal energy has many advantages when compared to traditional fossil-fuel-derived energy or even some types of alternative energies. • Geothermal provides can supply energy at a constant rate and is not dependent on weather or seasonal considerations. • Geothermal can supplement other renewable energy sources such as hydro, wind and solar by providing baseload power. • Geothermal development, after construction of the plant, produces low or negligible air emissions. • Geothermal has a small surface footprint compared to some other energy applications. Adoption of geothermal energy production to replace existing power or heat production from carbon-based fuels could help the Government of the NWT reach its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its own operations to 10% below 2001 levels by the year 2011 and establish longer-term reductions targets.6 The Canadian government has also made a commitment to producing 90% of Canada’s electricity from non-emitting sources by 2020.7 2.1 Geothermal potential in NWT There is high potential for geothermal energy production in the NWT. A favourability map generated using geophysical data found the largest known deep geothermal anomaly in Canada in the Liard River and Southern Mackenzie River Basin, based on studies completed to date.8 This indicates a geothermal gradient of 50oC to 60oC per kilometre of depth in this region, which is the steepest gradient in NWT. Around Fort Simpson and Fort Providence there is a similarly high geothermal potential. At a depth of 2 to 3 km, the temperature would be adequate (90oC to 135oC) for a geothermal power plant.9 The area around the communities of Deline, Tulita, Norman Wells and Fort Good Hope has a favourable (but lower) geothermal gradient that could also support energy production from geothermal. Geothermal energy production has an advantage in cold northern climates as compared to warmer regions. The efficiency of electrical production depends on the temperature differential 5 Canadian Geothermal Energy Association, Overview of Canadian Geothermal Projects (2010) 3-7. http://www.cangea.ca/images/uploads/Index%20of%20Canadian%20Geothermal%20Projects%20and%20Hot%20S prings.pdf 6 Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources, Greenhouse Gas Strategy 2007-2011. 7 Governor General of Canada, “Speech from the Throne,” November 19, 2008. http://www.speech.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1364 8 Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources, Geothermal Favourability Map: Northwest Territories (2010). 9 Ibid. The Pembina Institute 12 Building a regulatory framework for geothermal development in the NWTPDF Image | geothermal energy development in the NWT
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