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Jurisdictional review for the use of a public resource, they feel an overly onerous royalty system could kill a new industry.94 When production begins, the Ministry will likely set up a one-time agreement temporarily until they can evaluate the effect of the royalty. Options for designing a royalty system include net profit royalty, similar to an existing royalty program for oil and gas,95 which charges no or minimal royalties until a proponent starts making profits on sale of a resource. Royalties would either be charged on transmission of power at the grid connection or measured as flow coming out a well. 3.5 Australia Resource potential and installed capacity Australia has 0.2 MW capacity installed geothermal at the time of writing this report.96 This is not a significant part of Australia’s energy mix, but this could change in the future given rising public and private interest in geothermal energy development and new government policies promoting research and development. It is estimated that geothermal could supply 2200 MW of base-load capacity by 2020 based on current government policies.97 Since 2001, 48 companies have applied for 386 licences for various geothermal exploration and development projects covering 360,000 km2.98 Australia’s geology is suitable for EGS, low temperature systems and direct use projects. Definition of geothermal resource Definitions depend on the state or territory within Australia. Some states such as New South Wales, and Tasmania define geothermal resources as a mineral. Other states have specific legislation for geothermal resources, such as Victoria and Queensland where geothermal energy is “heat energy derived from the earth’s natural (subsurface heat).”99 Resource ownership, rights issuance Geothermal legislation and regulation is unique to each of the states and territories in Australia. The legislation in these six states is described below.100 94 Personal communication, Garth Thoroughgood, Ministry of Energy, October 17, 2010. 95 Government of British Columbia, Petroleum and Natural Gas Act Net Profit Royalty Regulation, Reg. 98/2008 O.C. 281/2008. 96 Australia Resources, Energy and Tourism, Australian Geothermal Industry Development Framework (2008). http://www.ret.gov.au/energy/clean_energy_technologies/energy_technology_framework_and_roadmaps/hydrogen_ technology_roadmap/Documents/GEOTHERMAL%20FRAMEWORK.pdf 97 Ibid. 98 Australian Geothermal Association Inc., “Australian Projects Overview.” http://www.agea.org.au/geothermal- energy/australian-projects-overview/ 99 Government of Queensland, Draft Geothermal Energy Act (2010). 100 Andre Dauwalder, “Australia: Geothermal Energy in Queensland and Australia,” Mondaq, October 5, 2009, http://www.mondaq.com/australia/article.asp?articleid=87074; South Australia Primary Industries and Resources, The Pembina Institute 28 Building a regulatory framework for geothermal development in the NWTPDF Image | geothermal energy development in the NWT
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