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Jurisdictional review Royalties Iceland is currently developing a royalty system on land owned by the state and applies royalties on a case by case basis.147 strategic environmental assessment of geothermal energy resources and is in the process of being turned into legislation.146 3.9 Germany Resource potential and installed capacity Germany has only low-temperature resources and is thus limited to binary systems. Geothermal energy use is mainly in small plants and geothermal energy for space heating providing 144.0 MWh/yr.148 There are three geothermal plants for power generation (two of these are combined with district heating) for a total of 6.6 MW installed in 2010.149 Germany is actively pursuing research in EGS technologies to improve the use of their hydrological resources. Definition of geothermal resource Geothermal resources are considered a mineral under the federal mining laws. Geothermal heat and geothermal fluids are included under this law. Resource ownership, rights issuance and tenure Geothermal energy is considered a federal resource. Any drilling deeper than 100 metres is administered under the Mining Act. Exploration and production licences are required, and water protection and environmental issues are jointly dealt with by the mining authorities and environmental authorities.150 Environmental assessments are required for all geothermal development. Rights to sub-surface area are allocated by the Minister of Energy without a depth limitation. A licence for exploration is given for a maximum of five years with the possibility of a three-year extension. If the exploration proves that a viable resource exists, a licence for production is given for up to 20 years.151 146 Ibid. 147 Ibid. 148 R. Schellschmidt et al. “Geothermal Energy Use in Germany,” in Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2010 (Bali, Indonesia, April 25-30, 2010). 149 Ibid. 150 L. Rybach, “Regulatory Framework for Geothermal in Europe – with Special Reference to Germany, France, Hungary, Romania, and Switzerland,” (presented at International Geothermal Conference - Short Course, Reykjavík, Iceland, September 2003). http://www.os.is/gogn/flytja/JHS-Skjol/IGC2003ShortCourse/04Part2Rybach.pdf 151 European Geothermal Energy Council, Regulations for Geothermal Energy (2003). The Pembina Institute 36 Building a regulatory framework for geothermal development in the NWTPDF Image | geothermal energy development in the NWT
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