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Lessons from other jurisdictions regulations.182 In South Australia, companies are not required to pay royalties until projects are profitable. Royalty rates are applied to gross revenue and companies can deduct their expenses.183 It may be appropriate to apply different royalty rates based on the type of output (electricity or heat), the quality of the resource, or the technology employed to reflect the different economic profiles. Another approach would be to apply royalties to larger projects that are likely to be economic, for example by applying a royalty rate to projects that produce more than 10 MW of electricity.184 Royalties and fees could be phased in over time, or royalty holidays could be applied as a form of financial incentive to encourage exploration and development. The decision to apply royalties needs to be balanced within the wider government policy framework that includes fiscal and non-fiscal incentives (see section 4.7). 4.6 Geothermal research Governments can contribute to geothermal energy development by establishing geoscience programs to define geothermal energy resources. Through resource mapping, governments can provide advice to the industry on where to explore to reduce the risk and ensure a higher likelihood of drilling success, which can lower project costs and therefore lower energy costs.185 Quality resource mapping includes defining three components of the resource: the subsurface temperature, fluid and permeability.186 In support of public geoscience data, governments can require that data from all future wells (water, gas, oil, geothermal and other) be submitted to a central data agency so that the information can be publicly accessible.187 This role in Canada has been filled by the Geological Survey of Canada, which conducted much geological mapping through its geothermal programs in the 1970s and 1980s; however, the program was later cut due to financial constraints within the government. 4.7 Fiscal and non-fiscal incentive policies Governments around the world, recognizing the value and need for energy security and emissions reductions, are developing policy for fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to support the development of the geothermal industry. 182 Personal communication, Tim Sadlier-Brown, Sadlier-Brown Associates, November 1, 2010, and Jim Lawless, Sinclair Knight Merz, December 9, 2010. 183 Personal communication, Barry Goldstein, Dept. Primary Industries, South Australia, December 15, 2010. 184 Personal communication, Mory Ghomshei, University of British Columbia, November 10, 2010. 185 Personal communication, Tim Sadlier-Brown, Sadlier-Brown Associates, November 1, 2010, and Mory Ghomshei, University of British Columbia, November 10, 2010. 186 Personal communication, Alison Thompson, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association, January 26, 2011. 187 Personal communication, Craig Dunn, Borealis GeoPower, December 1, 2010. The Pembina Institute 45 Building a regulatory framework for geothermal development in the NWTPDF Image | geothermal energy development in the NWT
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