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P. Colonna, S. Rebay, J. Harinck and A. Guardone used to predict thermodynamic data outside the range where experimental data are available, i.e., the extrapolation behavior is good. 4. Once the Span-Wagner EoS for a substance is established, it can always be improved when additional and/or more accurate experimental data become available. For the calculation of all caloric properties, the SW EoS (5) is supplemented by the ideal gas contribution to the specific heat at constant pressure, given by (4). 3 REAL GAS EFFECTS IN AN ORC STATOR BLADE PASSAGE The mentioned zFlow program is used to investigate the influence which the three considered EoS models have on the aerodynamic performance of an ORC turbine blade. The flow field through the 2D nozzle blade of an existing ORC turbine operated with the siloxane MDM as working fluid is chosen as an example. The turbine operating conditions, which are also the prescribed boundary conditions in the simulations, are given in Table 1. The passage, as shown in Fig. 1(a), has been designed without the use of a 2D real gas CFD simulation tool and it is essentially the bottom part of a converging-diverging nozzle that has been curved in order to obtain the desired stator outflow angle. The compressibility factor, defined as Z = (P v)/(RT ), is identically equal to unity for an ideal gas; it is therefore often used to quantify the nonideality of the thermodynamic state. Only a limited portion of the expansion through this turbine stator passage occurs in the nonideal gas thermodynamic region, as indicated by the values of the compressibility factor at inlet and outlet, reported in Table 1. This might be due to the fact that a lack of real gas CFD simulation tools such as zFlow has limited the design of ORC turbines that operate at thermodynamic conditions that deviate further from ideality, which are potentially more thermodynamically favorable. Table 1: Expansion ratio Total inlet pressure Total inlet temperature Compressibility factor at inlet Static outlet pressure Compressibility factor at outlet Turbine operating conditions. Design-point Part-load P01/P2,- 6 4 P01, bar T01 , ◦ C Z1, - P2, bar Z2, - 8 8 262.6 262.6 0.69 0.69 1.333 2 0.95 0.93 (P01/Pc = 0.56) (T01 /Tc = 0.90) The working medium, siloxane MDM (Octamethyltrisiloxane), has a high molecular weight of M = 236.5315 g/mol. The PRSV EoS (3) and the isobaric specific heat relation 6PDF Image | REAL-GAS EFFECTS IN ORC TURBINE FLOW SIMULATIONS
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