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P. Colonna, S. Rebay, J. Harinck and A. Guardone -150 -155 -160 -165 -170 -175 0 0.5 1 1.5 Y/pitch 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.40 0.5 1 1.5 Y/pitch (a) (b) Figure 5: Outflow angle (a) and Mach number (b) along the transverse coordinate (reduced by the pitch) at design-point (continuous line) and at part-load (dashed line) based on SW ( ), PRSV ( ) and PIG ( ). 3.3 Part-load simulation It is assumed that for part-load operation, the total pressure at the inlet is controlled to remain at P01 = 8 bar. In this particular part-load condition, the pressure ratio, P2/P01, is reduced from 6 to 4, so that the backpressure is higher (see Table 1). The computation on the fine grid using the accurate SW EoS is again used to inves- tigate the flow field of the expansion process, in this case for part-load operation. The two-dimensional flow field is plotted in Fig. 6 by visualizing the Mach number and su- perimposing the isobars (using same pressure interval as used in Fig. 2) and streamlines. It can be observed that, with respect to design-point operation, lower Mach numbers are obtained for part-load, but that, judging from the isobars, the (reflected) shock wave is stronger. The effect of the different fluid models on the fluid dynamics at part-load is again evaluated by comparing the distributions of various relevant parameters along the blade surface, shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Here, dashed lines pertain to part-load distributions. It can be observed that in all blade distributions the initial part (S/C < 0.75) is the same for design-point and part-load, because the stator nozzle is choked. An exception is the pressure coefficient (Fig. 3(b)), since its definition, given by (7), depends on the outlet pressure P2. The difference with respect to design-point operation is that since the pressure ratio is reduced, firstly, the Mach number after expansion is lower (Fig. 3(a)) and, secondly, the outflow pressure is higher so that the final part of the expansion occurs in the nonideal thermodynamic region for a larger portion (see Fig. 4(a)). This leads 14 β, degrees MaPDF Image | REAL-GAS EFFECTS IN ORC TURBINE FLOW SIMULATIONS
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