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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE CARIBBEAN

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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE CARIBBEAN ( renewable-energy-incaribbean )

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5 extent Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, may be able to explore this energy source economically. It may not, however, be a bad policy to advocate hydro-electricity generation in the region, if only to sensitise our people to understand the damages that have been done to the watershed and adjoining areas, and to instill into the policy makers the need for action to reverse these damages and trends. Thankfully the era of large hydro dam projects are over as this has also done tremendous damage to the ecosystem. Under conditions of good water supply, the cost of generating energy through hydroelectricity ranges from 5-18 cents per kilowatt and is competitive with oil-based energy generation under favourable conditions. At present, grid connected hydroelectricity is generated in Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Dominica. Biomass Introduced in the region in the late 1970s, this source of energy has not received enough attention, simply because it is a technology that requires large inputs of material. Primarily in the form of bio-digesters, a number of units have been installed and are operational in the region providing small amounts of gas for cooking. In Guyana and Suriname, sawmills operate their own generating plants from millings and provide the electricity and energy necessary for their operations. The potential use of this technology, though, is limited as it has implications for conservation. The amount of waste produced in the small islands may make it an uneconomical undertaking and, as the other more suitable technologies are employed, the attractiveness of biomass as an energy source will be reduced. Operating costs of biomass plants range from 4-8 cents per kilowatt. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Although employed to a limited extent elsewhere, this source of energy whereby the differential in water temperatures and wave heights are converted to energy for electricity is not employed in the Caribbean. In addition to high operating costs, the technology is still in its infancy. Alternative energy sources Often, the terms renewable energy and alternative energy are used interchangeably. However, in this paper and because the focus is renewable energy, a distinction will be made between renewable and alternative energy sources, where the new energy sources are themselves not renewable. For Caribbean States these are primarily geothermal and natural gas sources. Geothermal The latest study conducted in 1992 showed that at least six of the Caribbean islands had good potential for geothermal energy. Preliminary studies show that Nevis, Dominica and Saint Lucia have the most potential for the generation of electricity from geothermal sources. Geothermal energy, like wind energy, is capable of grid connection, as relatively large amounts

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