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(no superheating for subcritical cycle/maximum temperature 20 K above Tcrit for supercritical cycle). Given a fixed condensation temperature, the thermal efficiency is increased as the average temperature of the heat input to the working fluids increases. This can be also seen from Fig. 3: Τ 4 2' 3 QORC,out S 3 dS 1 4 dS 1 QORC,in 1 W 2 1 Ec Eh 3' th,rankine 2 Fig. 3. Rankine cycle thermal efficiency for increasing evaporation temperatures As the evaporation temperature rises, the area Eh that is below the curve 1→2 (1→2’) increases at a higher rate than the area Ec that is below the curve 3→4 (3’→4). Consequently, the thermal efficiency of the cycle increases. 2.3.2. Binary zeotropic mixtures The natural pure working fluids that are presented in Table 3 can produce 10 possible binary mixture combinations, summarized in Table 4. The relative molar concentration of the components of each mixture adds several additional cases to the problem of the zeotropic mixtures selection and their respective composition. For supercritical conditions, a number of mixtures are excluded based on their critical temperature, given the pinch point limitation in the evaporator. As a first approach for the thermodynamic evaluation, it was decided to set every mixture component ratio to 50 %. However, it must be noted that eventually the efficiency of the fluid mixtures may be maximized at varying ratios [23, 25]. Consequently, further sensitivity analysis on the effect of the fluid composition on the system efficiency is carried out for the mixtures that have the highest efficiency at 50/50 ratio in each case, in order to find the optimal value of this parameter. The above assumptions suggest that the aim of the current work is the preliminary investigation and presentation of the efficiency potential of some indicative natural refrigerants and their mixtures and not the complete optimization of the WHR-ORC. Table 4. Properties of binary mixtures at 50/50 molar concentration Butane-Cyclopentane Butane-Hexane Butane-Pentane Butane-Propane Cyclopentane-Hexane Cyclopentane-Pentane Cyclopentane-Propane Hexane-Pentane Hexane-Propane Pentane-Propane pcrit (bar) 41.53 34.11 35.83 40.22 37.68 39.40 43.79 31.98 36.37 38.09 Tcrit (oC) 195.26 193.21 174.26 124.33 236.50 217.55 167.62 215.50 171.00 146.62 11PDF Image | Thermodynamic investigation of waste heat recovery
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