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pure most efficient pure components. On the other hand, the mixtures of Propane with other fluids at 50/50 concentrations do not exhibit higher exergetic efficiency than pure Propane. A sensitivity analysis on the effect of the composition of the Propane/Butane and Butane/Cyclopentane mixtures is carried out in order to explore its effect on the performance of the system. These two mixtures are selected for the analysis because they exhibit the highest maximum exergy efficiency at 50/50 concentration. The composition of the mixtures is varied in steps of 10 %. For each step, the optimum (with respect to the exergy efficiency) operation pressure is identified. The values of the ηex, ηth, ηHS,u and the absolute difference between the temperature glide of the mixture and the temperature increase of the cooling medium during the condensation of the former |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| are plotted in Fig. 8. Exergetic Energetic 50 Heat source utilization 15 40 30 20 10 10 5 00 0 102030405060708090100 % (v/v) concentration of Propane Exergetic Energetic 50 Heat source utilization 15 40 30 20 10 10 5 00 0 102030405060708090100 % (v/v) concentration of Cyclopentane (α) (b) Fig. 8 The effect of the relative concentration of the mixtures α) Butane/Propane and b) Butane/Cyclopentane on the system efficiency indicators and the matching of the temperatures of the working fluid and cooling medium in the condenser. For each value of the concentration, the characteristics of the optimal operational pressure are plotted. The temperature glide of the fluid mixtures in the condenser depends on the relative concentration of their components and the condensation pressure/temperature. Its variation when changing the maximum operation pressure of the ORC is negligible. In the case of pure fluids, ΔΤglide is zero, which is indicated by the maxima of the |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| in the values of 0 and 100 % of the x axis. In this case, |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| = ΔΤcw which is the temperature difference of the cooling water during the phase change of the pure fluids. ΔΤglide increases for intermediate values of the concentration ratio of the binary mixture components. A third maximum of the |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| value (as in the case of Butane/Cyclopentane) may occur if the temperature glide of the mixture surpasses the value of ΔΤcw. In this case, two local minima of the |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| occur for two intermediate concentration values as the temperature glide approaches the ΔTcw. Depending on the temperature glide variation of each mixture and the temperature increase of the coolant stream in the condenser (set at 15 K in the present study), there may be one or two minima of |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide|. These two patterns of the |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| curves are common for all instances of the binary mixtures that are examined in the present study. It should be stressed, nevertheless, that the concentration values that correspond to the ΔΤglide maximum are not necessarily the same for all binary mixtures. For example, it has been shown that for the mixture of Pentane/R245fa the temperature glide is maximized for a ratio of around 75/25 [25]. In the case of Butane/Propane (Fig 8 (a)), the temperature glide has its highest value in a component ratio of 50/50. 16 Efficiency (%) |ΔTcw-ΔΤglide| in the condenser (K) Efficiency (%) |ΔTcw-ΔΤglide| in the condenser (K)PDF Image | Thermodynamic investigation of waste heat recovery
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