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50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Maximum operation pressure (bar) R245fa butane propane cyclopentane hexane pentane (α) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Maximum operation pressure (bar) Butane/Propane R245fa Pentane/Propane Hexane/Propane Cyclopentane/Propane Butane/Pentane Butane/Hexane Butane/Cyclopentane Cyclopentane/Pentane Hexane/Pentane Cyclopentane/Hexane (b) Fig. 9 Exergy efficiency a) pure fluids and b)binary zeotropic mixtures at a heat source temperature of 225 oC 3.2.1. Pure fluids-THS,in=225oC The pattern of the “bell” shaped ηex-p curves appears also in this heat source temperature (Fig. 9). However both R245fa and Butane now follow the exception of Propane, whose second law efficiency increases monotonously with the maximum operating pressure. Based on the detailed discussion of Section 3.1.1, this behavior can be interpreted by these fluids’ low critical temperatures, permitting a higher ηHS,u value for increasing pressures (and first law efficiency). The positive relation between the exergetic efficiency and the turbine inlet pressure for Butane, Propane and R245fa can be observed in both the subcritical and the supercritical operating range. Nevertheless, an abrupt efficiency drop can be noticed in the beginning of the supercritical region for Butane and R245fa. This drop can be justified by the non-continuous increase of the turbine inlet temperature (20 K above Tcrit) which is assumed in supercritical conditions. In the case of Propane, a superheating of 20 K was already assumed under subcritical temperatures (because it is a wet fluid), so the transition point of the exergy efficiency curve is smoother. Among the pure fluids, Butane exhibits the highest optimal exergy efficiency in both subcritical and supercritical pressures (39.16% and 42.49 % respectively), closely matching the efficiency of 18 Exergetic efficiency (%) Exergeticc efficiency (%)PDF Image | Thermodynamic investigation of waste heat recovery
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