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optimal operation pressure range for each fluid and its critical temperature which was described previously. 3.3.2. Binary zeotropic mixtures-THS,in=300oC Although for pressures below 27 bar the mixtures of Hexane/Pentane and Cyclopentane/Hexane have the best performance, Butane/Cyclopentane exhibits the highest overall exergetic efficiency (45.96 %) at 37.38 bar for subcritical conditions. The same working fluid has the highest second law efficiency under supercritical pressures (ηex=49.87% at 53.99 bar). The potential of improving the exergetic efficiency by varying the composition of the fluid mixture is illustrated in Figure 12 where a sensitivity analysis is carried out for subcritical and supercritical cycle configuration. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Exergetic Energetic Heat source utilization 10 5 15 00 0 102030405060708090100 % (v/v) concentration of Propane 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 15 10 5 Exergetic Energetic Heat source utilization 00 0 102030405060708090100 % (v/v) concentration of Propane (α) (b) Fig. 12 The effect of the relative concentration of the components of the mixture Butane/Cyclopentane under α) subcritical and b) supercritical maximum operating pressures on the system efficiency indicators and the matching of the temperatures of the working fluid and cooling medium in the condenser. For each value of the concentration, the characteristics of the optimal operational pressure are plotted. Under subcritical conditions, the mixture Butane30/Cyclopentane70 has the highest exergetic efficiency (46.17 %). Butane50/Cyclopentane50 has the best performance in supercritical operation pressures. The exergy efficiency improvement that is achieved by the use of the binary mixtures instead of their most efficient pure component is equal to 13.54 % (subcritical) and 16.34 % (supercritical). The exergy efficiency is closely connected to the matching of the temperature profiles of the working fluid and the cooling water in the condenser, since the local exergy efficiency maxima coincide with the minimization of the |ΔΤcw-ΔΤglide| value. 3.3.3. Overview-THS,in=300oC In the case of the heat source stream inlet temperature being 300 oC, Pentane is the best pure fluid for the WHR-ORC. In subcritical conditions, it has an exergetic efficiency of 43.17%, which is 17.44% higher than the efficiency of R245fa. An efficiency increase of 7.69% can be attained when the cycle operates in supercritical pressures. Compared to supercritical R245fa, Pentane’s second law efficiency is 12.11% higher. Nonetheless, R245fa operates under a substantially lower pressure ratio and VFR (roughly half). Meanwhile, the volume flow rate of the working fluid at the turbine outlet is significantly lower at about 50% in subcritical and supercritical conditions. At the same time, it has much more favourable UA values in the evaporator and the condenser while it has a 22 Efficiency (%) ΔTcw-ΔΤglide in the condenser (K) Efficiency (%) ΔTcw-ΔΤglide in the condenser (K)PDF Image | Thermodynamic investigation of waste heat recovery
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