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smaller SP and rotational speed. The above considerations suggest that although from a purely thermodynamic standpoint Pentane is a better candidate for the WHR-ORC than R245fa, its use may be associated with higher costs due to the more challenging design of the turbine and increased heat exchanger surface. The performance of the subcritical ORC can be further improved by substituting Pentane with a mixture of Butane30/Cyclopentane70. The result is a 6.95% increase in the exergy efficiency. Additionally, there is a slight decrease in the SP and theVexp,out . However, the pressure ratio, rotational speed, VFR and UA values of the evaporator and the condenser are higher. The supercritical WHR-ORC of Butane50/Cyclopentane50 leads to a further increase in the exergy efficiency by 6.82%. Compared to the supercritical R245fa, this accounts to an improvement of 18.93%. Besides the beneficial effect on the exergy efficiency, the operation of the cycle with the Butane/Cyclopentane mixture results in a decrease of Vexp,out by about 25% as well as a slight decrease in the size parameter of the turbine. The main drawbacks include the increase of the UA value of the condenser and the rotational speed of the turbine by approximately 10%. However, the overall advantageous values of the technical evaluation parameters of R245fa under supercritical conditions do not allow to ultimately identify the Butane50/Cyclopentane50 mixture as the optimal working fluid. Similarly to the case of THS=225oC, the supercritical cycle is generally associated with higher pressure ratios, rotational speeds and VFRs, while tending to have a somewhat decreased Vexp,out SP. Table 7. Operational characteristics of optimal fluids at 300 oC heat source temperature and Pure working fluids α) Sub b) Super Pentane Pentane 30.33 43.81 43.17 46.49 17.02 18.46 77.67 77.09 189.42 216.55 25.12 36.70 192.39 207.16 23.47 25.33 56.33 54.91 2571.28 2358.59 7357 7949 0.045 0.044 44.43 74.00 Binary mixture fluids a) Sub Butane/Cyclopentane (30/70) 38.66 46.17 18.58 76.06 206.36 30.69 205.73 25.31 61.44 2442.09 8475 0.042 48.37 R245fa b) Super a) Sub b) Super 32.76 47.32 36.76 41.47 14.61 16.50 77.04 76.93 148.06 174.05 11.75 17.26 163.81 184.81 17.12 18.22 61.57 60.45 1245.62 1237.79 4777 5331 0.041 0.039 19.84 29.98 Working fluid Pressure (bar) ηex (%) ηth (%) ηHS,u (%) Tmax (oC) Pressure ratio Pel (kWe) UAheat (kWth/K) UAcond (kWth/K) Vexp,out (m3/h) n (RPM) SP (m) VFR Butane/Cyclopentane (50/50) 52.39 49.32 19.09 79.10 215.26 30.67 219.78 26.39 68.28 1947.29 9258 0.038 54.53 23PDF Image | Thermodynamic investigation of waste heat recovery
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