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9 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION AND SELECTED DESIGN ISSUES .................................. 201 9.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 201 9.2 HEAT EXCHANGERS .................................................................................................................... 201 9.2.1 Description of the HEATRIC PCHEs ................................................................................. 203 9.2.2 Effect of Conduction Length on the Heat Exchanger Volume ............................................ 209 9.2.3 Effect of Wavy Channels on PCHE Performance............................................................... 212 9.2.4 Simplified Stress Analysis for PCHE Design Calculations ................................................ 213 9.3 TURBOMACHINERY DESIGN ........................................................................................................ 216 9.3.1 Compressor Design ............................................................................................................ 217 9.3.2 Turbine Design ................................................................................................................... 221 9.3.3 Turbomachinery Comparison............................................................................................. 223 9.4 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 224 10 REFERENCE CYCLE AND PLANT LAYOUT .................................................................... 226 10.1 OPERATING CONDITIONS AND CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................... 226 10.2 NET EFFICIENCY ESTIMA TION ..................................................................................................... 230 10.3 SUPERCRITICAL CO2 POWER CONVERSION UNIT LAYOUT .......................................................... 232 10.3.1 Recuperators....................................................................................................................... 232 10.3.2 Precooler ............................................................................................................................ 233 10.3.3 Turbomachinery.................................................................................................................. 234 10.3.4 Supercritical CO2 Cycle Power Conversion Unit............................................................... 236 10.4 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 238 11 CONTROL SCHEME DESIGN FOR THE RECOMPRESSION CYCLE............................. 239 11.1 CONTROL SCHEME DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 239 11.1.1 Pressure Control (Inventory Control) ................................................................................ 242 11.1.2 Bypass Control ................................................................................................................... 244 11.1.3 Temperature Control .......................................................................................................... 246 11.1.4 Control Strategy Description – Conclusions ...................................................................... 247 11.2 CONTROL SCHEMES FOR THE SUPERCRITICAL CO2 RECOMPRESSION CYCLE .............................. 247 11.2.1 Bypass Control ................................................................................................................... 247 11.2.2 Pressure Control (Inventory Control) ................................................................................ 251 11.3 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 253 12 COMPARISON WITH OTHER ADVANCED POWER CYCLES......................................... 254 12.1 SUPERCRITICAL RECOMPRESSION CYCLE VS. HELIUM BRAYTON CYCLE ................................... 254 12.1.1 Helium Brayton Cycle with Multiple Re-heat and Inter-cooling ........................................ 258 12.2 EFFICIENCY AND SYSTEM COMPLEXITY COMPARISON................................................................ 263 13 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK.......... 269 13.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 269 13.1.1 Optimization Methodology ................................................................................................. 270 13.1.2 Selection of the Optimum Cycle Layout.............................................................................. 272 13.1.3 Selection of the Optimum Heat Exchanger V olume ............................................................ 273 13.1.4 Selection of Operating Conditions...................................................................................... 275 13.1.5 Description of Selected Designs ......................................................................................... 279 13.1.6 Indirect Cycle ..................................................................................................................... 283 13.1.7 Control Scheme Design ...................................................................................................... 288 13.1.8 Economics........................................................................................................................... 290 13.1.9 Efficiency Comparisons with Other Power Cycle Options ................................................. 292 13.1.10 The Main Drawbacks and Disadvantages ...................................................................... 294 13.2 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 295 13.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ................................................................................... 297 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 299 xiiPDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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