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achieving high efficiencies at temperatures ranging from 500oC to at most 700oC should be of considerable primary interest. Such a power cycle could close the gap between low temperature and high temperature reactors, broadening the possible application of nuclear power. In addition, in the case of high temperature thermo-chemical hydrogen production it would be possible to use this type of cycle as a simple and highly efficient bottoming cycle to the chemical process. Since real gas Brayton cycles are capable of achieving efficiencies better than ideal gas cycles they merit investigation for nuclear power plant service: this is the central goal of the present work. Taking advantage of real gas properties is a well-known way of improving the cycle efficiency. There have been prior studies involving gases that can be operated in the supercritical mode, mainly CO2. SO2 has also been evaluated, but it has unattractive features since it is toxic and highly corrosive [Bender et al., 1964]. There are also many organic working fluids – primarily hydrocarbons and chloro-fluorocarbons – with critical temperatures around 30 – 40oC which have been used in or considered for service in air- conditioning, refrigeration or geothermal power generation. However, considerations of flammability, ozone layer damage and radiation instability argue against their use in the present application. Another significant efficiency improvement over the ideal gas Brayton cycles can be achieved by using dissociating gases such as N2O4 [Sorokin, 1979]. Although attractive thermodynamically, the high corrosiveness and toxicity of NO2/N2O4 make application problematical. Therefore, for the reasons stated above supercritical cycles operating with technically familiar and more benign gases are of main interest. In his work on supercritical cycles Feher compared critical conditions of several different fluids [Feher, 1967], since in principle the supercritical cycle can employ a wide variety of working fluid. Table 1.1 shows the fluids he considered. CO2 was selected because of the moderate value of its critical pressure, its stability and relative inertness (for the temperature range of interest), sufficient knowledge of its thermodynamic properties, non-toxicity, abundance and low cost. 2PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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