Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( advanced-nuclear-power-technology-program-supercritical-carb )

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The main objective of this work is to select the most promising carbon dioxide Brayton cycle suitable for advanced nuclear reactor applications. While the cycle is mainly intended for gas cooled reactors, the possible application to other nuclear reactors will be addressed as well. The cycle should be economically attractive and readily applicable (in direct or indirect versions) to advanced nuclear reactors. Several possible plant layouts will be investigated in order to select the best option. They will be optimized with particular attention to the best utilization of the heat exchanger volumes. The results will be compared and the cycle that achieves the highest efficiency while having reasonable heat exchanger volumes will be used for further investigation. Once a generic optimum cycle layout is selected it is important to refine it and perform a more detail plant design and analysis, including the plant optimization with respect to the capital cost. This includes sizing of the major components and development of the preliminary plant footprint. A nuclear power plant must follow utility performance requirements placed on power stations; therefore it is necessary to perform a preliminary assessment of possible control schemes and find an approach that guarantees the highest possible efficiency over a wide range of power levels. The last task of this part of the investigation is to perform preliminary cost estimates. The final objective is to identify the possible applications of the supercritical CO2 power cycle and compare it with its primary competitors: the helium Brayton cycle and Rankine steam cycle. This will yield the range of operating conditions for which the supercritical CO2 cycle is best suited. 1.3 Report Organization After the brief introduction and motivation that was presented in the preceding section the history and basic background on supercritical CO2 cycles are presented in Chapter 2. The history and background section thoroughly reviews the past effort directed towards the supercritical CO2 cycle as well as the main reasons why the cycle is so promising. 6

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