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The form pressure loses for straight channels are two, the entrance and the exit loss. Both can be evaluated from: v2 ∆p=Cρ 2 (3-26) where C is the form loss coefficient that was taken to be 0.5 for the entrance loss and 1.0 for the exit loss [Todreas and Kazimi, 2000], ρ is the local fluid density (kg/m3) and v is the local fluid velocity (m/s). The friction losses can be estimated from: ∆p=f L ρv2 deq 2 (3-27) where L is the length and deq is the equivalent hydraulic diameter for the semi-circular channel. The friction factor f has to be determined from a correlation. Since it is necessary to cover a wide range of Reynolds numbers the same model that was developed for friction factor by Hejzlar based on Idelchik’s approach [Idelchik, 1996] and documented in [Williams et al., 2003] was used. For the friction factor it is necessary to cover all possible flow regimes starting from laminar flow all the way to stabilized turbulent flow. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the borders between the flow regimes. The transition regime from laminar flow to turbulent (2000 < Re < 4000) is the region where the friction factor rapidly changes with Reynolds number. The departure Reynolds number from the Hagen-Poiseulle law Re0 is defined as: 0.0065 Re0 =754e ∆ (3-28) where ∆ is the relative roughness (ratio of surface roughness and tube diameter). The range of applicability of this equation is ∆ > 0.007. For ∆ < 0.007 the departure Reynolds number is Re0 = 2000. 50PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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