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cooler and the recuperator. If the total heat exchanger volume is selected the cost of the heat exchanger is set; therefore one would like to make sure that the heat exchanger volume is used such to minimize the plant cost in $/kWe. In this work the assumption is made that the cost per unit mass of all heat exchangers within the cycle is the same and that their internal geometry is the same, therefore it does not matter to which heat exchanger the volume is allocated. Therefore, the maximum cycle efficiency for different volume split and heat exchanger lengths is optimized. If the costs are different for different heat exchangers then the total cost of the heat exchangers, rather than volume, should be kept constant and the cost split among the heat exchangers should be optimized to yield the highest cycle efficiency. In such a case the same optimization scheme is applicable, however now one of the optimized parameters is different (cost instead of volume). For the case of the standard Brayton cycle there are three different parameters that have to be optimized. The first parameter to be optimized is the split of the total heat exchanger volume between the recuperator and pre-cooler. The second and third task is to optimize the recuperator and pre-cooler length once their volume is set. This in fact means to balance the effect of the heat exchanger effectiveness and pressure drop on the cycle efficiency. In this work the phrase “fully optimized cycle” means that the heat exchangers and the pressure ratio of the cycle have been evaluated in a manner yielding the highest efficiency achievable with the specified total heat exchanger volume. Figure 3.6 shows the flow chart for the simple Brayton cycle optimization. Since the effect of pressure ratio is important some studies were carried out that show the effect of pressure ratio for a fixed heat exchanger design, i.e. the heat exchangers were not re-optimized. 70PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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