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4 Thermodynamic analysis of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycles This chapter describes the optimization process for Brayton cycles that will be used in the rest of this work. The optimization is then demonstrated on the simple Brayton cycle. It evaluates the benefit of inter-cooling and re-heating on the cycle efficiency. The direct cycle version is of primary interest here. The efficiencies reported are the cycle thermal efficiencies corrected for the pumping power requirements of the pre- cooler. All major components of the plant are modeled using the code that was described in Chapter 3. The heat exchangers’ thermal performance, pressure drops and pumping power are evaluated. For the reactor an assumption of 500 kPa pressure drop is made and used throughout the study since the reactor core design is constrained by neutronic performance and both full power and decay heat removal requirements. This slightly penalizes the performance of the cycles with lower mass flow rates, because no adjustment is made to account for the possible reduction of the cost of the reactor. 4.1 Brayton Cycle without Inter-cooling and Re-heating For the initial cycle evaluation a Brayton cycle with one compressor and one turbine (without any inter-cooling or re-heating) was selected. The cycle layout is shown in Figure 4.1. It is a typical Brayton cycle. The fluid is compressed in the compressor from the inlet conditions, point 1, to point 2. Then it enters the recuperator where it is preheated by the exhaust from the turbine (points 2 to 3). After the pre-heat the fluid passes through the reactor (points 3 to 4). In the reactor the fluid achieves the highest temperature within the cycle. An expansion in the turbine follows (points 4 to 5). The turbine supplies work for the compressor and generator. After the expansion the heat of the fluid is used in the recuperator for preheating (points 5 to 6). Finally, the heat is rejected from the cycle in the precooler, where the fluid is cooled to the initial conditions. 73PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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