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The parameters of the cycle that will be described were obtained by a thorough optimization process. The optimum values of recuperator and pre-cooler length and the optimum split of the total heat exchanger volume between the recuperator and pre-cooler were calculated in the following manner. The cycle pressure ratio was varied by increments of 0.05 until the optimum pressure ratio was found within the precision of this step. The volume of the pre-cooler was optimized in a similar manner, with a step of 0.5 m3. For every new pre-cooler volume the pressure ratio was re-optimized. Once the optimum pre-cooler volume was set, the length of the pre-cooler and recuperator were optimized with a step size of 0.05 m. The optimization process was done by calculating the cycle efficiency at optimum pressure ratio for the current value of recuperator length and for values 0.05 m less and more than the current value of length. The cycle efficiencies calculated at these three points were compared to each other in order to see if the maximum value is the middle one. If that was true the optimization process then moved to another parameter, otherwise the value of length for which the highest efficiency was achieved was used in the next step of the optimization. After the optimization of the recuperator length it was checked again whether the volume split is still at its optimum value. If it was not it was re-optimized. Finally, the length of the pre- cooler was optimized in the same manner as for the recuperator length. This procedure was repeated until the optimum values of all parameters were found. The optimization can be done in this manner only if just one optimum value exists for every parameter. It is easy to see that this is the case for the optimum length and optimum volume split. In those cases the optimum point is where the pressure drops overcome the improvement of the heat exchanger effectiveness, thus only two effects are competing and the trend cannot be reversed. In the case of the pressure ratio it was necessary to make sure that the pressure ratio starts at a high enough value, as there are two maximums as depicted in Figure 4.2. That is why the optimum pressure ratio was calculated over a wider range. After reaching an optimum value the calculation continued for the next total heat exchanger volume. This procedure was repeated for every total volume of heat exchanger. 81PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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