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strongest effect on the cycle efficiency among all three optimized parameters: the pre- cooler volume fraction, the recuperator length and the pre-cooler length. For the recuperator, the effect on cycle efficiency is still significant, but not as much as in the case of the pre-cooler. From Figure 4.11 it is possible to observe that a longer recuperator is better than a shorter one, as the efficiency reduction for having a longer than optimum recuperator is less than if it is shorter than optimum. This indicates that the recuperator effectiveness has a higher effect on the cycle efficiency than the recuperator pressure drops. A shorter recuperator reduces the pressure drops, but it reduces the recuperator effectiveness as well. As can be seen from Figure 4.11, changing the recuperator length from 1 m to 2 m can improve the efficiency by 1.8 %, which is a significant improvement that should not be neglected in the plant optimization. 4.1.4 Total Heat Exchanger Volume Studies This section focuses on behavior of the simple Brayton cycle if different total volumes of heat exchanger are used. All the results here are fully optimized as was described in the preceding sections, thus they show the maximum achievable efficiency for the assumptions made. Figure 4.12 shows the most important cycle characteristics, i.e. the thermal and cycle efficiency and the optimum pressure ratio for different total heat exchanger volume. As expected, the larger the total heat exchanger volume, the higher the thermal and cycle efficiency. However, as the total heat exchanger volume increases the efficiency improvements saturate as shown in Figure 4.13. The efficiency improvement was obtained by subtracting the cycle efficiency from the cycle efficiency at a total heat exchanger volume smaller by 10 m3; i.e. the figure depicts the efficiency improvement if an extra 10 m3 of heat exchangers is provided. The second function is the efficiency reduction due to the pre-cooler pumping power. It is possible to conclude that with larger heat exchangers the pumping power penalty is decreased, however its generally low value is not a significant contributor to the efficiency reduction. 85PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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