Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( advanced-nuclear-power-technology-program-supercritical-carb )

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Figure 4.23 shows that the optimum pressure ratio has higher values for re-heated cycles. The pressure drops in the re-heater reduce the pressure ratio deviation from the cycle without re-heat. The effect of re-heat on the cycle pressure drops is depicted in Figure 4.24. It can be seen that the pressure drops for the optimum cycle design are slightly increased compared to the Brayton cycle without re-heating. The pressure drops are compared only for one case of the re-heater pressure drop (65 kPa) because it turns out that the component pressure drop change was about the same for all re-heater pressure drops. The same is true for the recuperator effectiveness; therefore Figure 4.25 shows the recuperator effectiveness only for the case of 65 kPa pressure drop in the re-heater. As can be seen the recuperator effectiveness for the same total heat exchanger volume is slightly lower in the case of re-heat. The reduction of the effectiveness is dependent on the total volume of heat exchangers. Introduction of one stage of re-heat reduces the recuperator effectiveness by about 0.4% for small values of the total volume of heat exchangers and 0.1% for large values of total volume of heat exchangers. This is caused by the increased regeneration of the cycle due to the introduction of re-heat. Figure 4.26 shows the efficiency that can be achieved with multiple re-heating if the re-heater fractional pressure drop is 65 kPa. While the first stage of re-heat gives a significant improvement of the efficiency the second stage introduces a very low benefit. The next stage of re-heating would have an even smaller effect on the cycle efficiency. This clearly shows that introducing more than one stage of re-heat is not reasonable, since re-heating is available only to indirect cycles and in such a case the additional cost of the re-heater must be worthwhile. For the second stage of re-heat the minor efficiency improvement will be offset by the additional capital cost. Figure 4.27 offers an additional insight into the efficiency improvement due to re- heat. One can see that while for the first stage of re-heat it is beneficial to have a large total volume of heat exchangers, for the second stage of re-heat the additional improvement increase is much less for an increase of the total heat exchanger volume. 99

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