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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( advanced-nuclear-power-technology-program-supercritical-carb )

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cooling. However, an inter-cooled sub-critical CO2 Brayton cycle achieves lower efficiency than the simple supercritical CO2 cycle [Dostal et al., 2002]. Even though the thermodynamically simplified inter-cooled CO2 Brayton cycle can achieve higher efficiency than the simple supercritical CO2 cycle, when the effect of pressure drop is modeled the simple supercritical CO2 cycle performs better. For these reasons inter- cooling will not be investigated further and is not investigated for the advanced cycle layouts discussed later in this work. 4.3 Summary This chapter demonstrated the approach that should be used in general for optimization of any type of Brayton cycle. As an example the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle was analyzed. First, the layout of the Brayton cycle and the optimization methodology was described. The parameters that needed to be optimized were identified. In the case of the simple Brayton cycle they are: pressure ratio, the recuperator length, the pre-cooler length and the ratio of pre-cooler to recuperator volume. The basic input is the total volume of heat exchangers. These parameters are optimized to yield the highest possible efficiency. Since the cost of the heat exchangers is assumed to be the same for the pre-cooler and the recuperator this also minimizes the cost of the cycle. If the costs were different it should be the total heat exchanger cost that should be minimized. While studying the pressure ratio effect on the cycle performance it was discovered that the optimum pressure ratio is different if the pre-cooler pumping power is included in the overall heat balance than if it was not. Therefore, when optimizing the Brayton cycle one should carefully look at the pre-cooler design, which is usually neglected; this is especially important in the case of a real gas Brayton cycle, particularly with the operating point of the pre-cooler near the critical point. In the section on the effect of the pressure ratio the value of other important cycle parameters, such as component pressure drop and recuperator effectiveness were also investigated and the effect of the pressure 102

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