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ratio on these parameters was captured. This helped further explain the efficiency behavior. After the pressure ratio optimization the methodology for optimizing the other three parameters (the total heat exchanger volume split, the recuperator length and the pre- cooler length) was described. Since there are only two competing effects (either the magnitude of pressure drop vs. the heat exchanger effectiveness in the case of the length optimization or the effectiveness of the recuperator vs. the effectiveness of the pre-cooler in the case of the heat exchanger volume ratio optimization) only one optimum exists for each parameter. Unfortunately, this optimum is a function of other parameters being optimized, therefore the optimization process is quite complex. This section also demonstrated the importance of this optimization, since if it is not performed the cycle efficiency can be significantly compromised. Using this methodology the effect of total heat exchanger volume and different supercritical CO2 cycle layouts on the cycle efficiency was evaluated. This investigation demonstrated how the effect of re-heating decreases with any additional re-heat stage and how sensitive it is to the pressure drop in the re-heaters. Nevertheless, re-heating constitutes a significant efficiency improvement, up to about 1.5% for the first stage of re-heat, and therefore should be investigated in more detail. Inter-cooling on the other hand has a minor effect on the efficiency, only about 0.8% at the best. This is caused by the fact that the compression process is performed close to the critical point where the fluid density is very high and the compression work is already low. Because of the abrupt changes of fluid properties the pressure ratio has to be split unevenly among the compressors. In the case of a CO2 cycle operating at low pressures (turbine inlet pressure ~ 8MPa) the inter-cooling is more beneficial, however such cycles achieve lower cycle efficiency than the supercritical CO2 cycle. Therefore, inter-cooling is not investigated further in this work. Overall, the highest thermal efficiency achievable with the re-heated supercritical CO2 cycle at 550oC turbine inlet temperature is ~ 41.5%. This would result in a net 103PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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