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5 Compound Brayton Cycles 5.1 Introduction Even though the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is very simple and compact, a key to good economy, and offers a significant efficiency advantage over the helium Brayton cycle (at the same turbine inlet temperature) its performance at 550 oC is slightly inferior to that of steam. Therefore, further steps that increase the cycle efficiency should be taken in order to make the cycle a prime power cycle option for advanced reactors. As suggested by Angelino [Angelino, 1969], the biggest efficiency reduction in cycle efficiency of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle comes from the large irreversibility of the recuperator. This is the result of the pinch-point problem. To overcome this problem Angelino introduced the so called compound cycles. These cycles feature either recompression or pre-compression. As was shown in Chapter 3 these cycles perform significantly better than the regular supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. This chapter surveys the available compound cycles using simplified thermodynamic insights into how the cycle modification affects the mean temperature of heat addition and heat rejection. The result of the comparison is the selection of the most promising cycle layout that will be used for further investigation. Where applicable Angelino’s results are used to support the conclusions of this chapter. 5.2 Pre-compression Cycle The pre-compression Brayton cycle is one way to increase the regeneration within the cycle and reduce the pinch-point problem. Figure 5.1 shows the layout and temperature entropy diagram of the pre-compression cycle. The picture was adopted from [Angelino, 1968] and depicts a condensation version of the cycle, but the same layout is possible for the non-condensing cycle as well. The cycle is similar to the normal Brayton cycle. Fluid is compressed in the compressor (or pump), then it is heated by the turbine exhaust to the reactor inlet temperature. Heat is then added to the fluid in 105PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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