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power production will be higher as well. The cost of the new plant on a $/kWe basis can then be calculated from the new electric power and the new total capital cost. By dividing by the original plant cost it is possible to obtain the fraction of the cost of the new plant compared to the original plant. Because the cost increase is linear with the total heat exchanger volume, but the efficiency increase becomes smaller and smaller with the increase of the total heat exchanger volume; at some point the plant capital cost in $/kWe will reach its minimum, i.e. at the optimum total heat exchanger volume. Figure 6.10 shows the result of this analysis for different values of the capital cost per kWe of the original plant. The cost was normalized to the cost at which the plant capital cost was the lowest (140 m3 for 1000 $/kWe, 160 m3 for 1500 $/kWe and 200 m3 for 2000 $kWe). These curves were developed assuming that the pre-cooler is made of titanium with a cost of 304 K$/m3 and the recuperators are made of stainless steel with a cost of 132 K$/m3 [Dewson and Grady, 2003]. As one would expect the optimum value of the total heat exchanger volume is a function of the plant capital cost. This is caused by the fact that for the higher values of the plant capital cost the cost of heat exchangers is a smaller fraction and therefore the total capital cost is not as sensitive to the increase of their cost. Thus, the optimum value of the total heat exchanger volume is higher. The target capital cost for advanced reactors is on the order of 1,000 $/kWe. If we assume this cost for the plant employing supercritical CO2 then the optimum total volume of the heat exchangers is 140 m3. However, since the difference in cost between 120 and 140 m3 is negligibly small (1 $/kWe) and since larger heat exchangers will introduce higher costs for installation etc., which were fixed in this analysis, 120 m3 of total heat exchanger volume will be used in the rest of this work. Because the pre-cooler and the recuperators are not made of the same material and their costs are different, a further optimization of the split of the total heat exchanger volume among the cycle heat exchangers should be performed such as to minimize the capital cost rather than to maximize the efficiency. This optimization can be done once the reference design is established. This chapter serves more as a thermodynamic 123PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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