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other hand past the compressor outlet pressure of 20MPa the effectiveness of the high temperature recuperator is stable or slightly decreasing, while the effectiveness of the low temperature recuperator improves as the compressor outlet pressure increases. Overall, the cycle efficiency keeps on increasing; therefore the small reduction of the high temperature recuperator effectiveness is overcome by the improvement of the low temperature recuperator effectiveness. The reference cycle compressor outlet pressure and turbine inlet temperature are next selected based on the cycle performance at different operating conditions, as was described above. The selection of the operating pressure follows from Figure 6.26 and Figure 6.28. For example, increasing the pressure from 15 to 20 MPa yields more than 4% efficiency improvement, while increasing it from 20 to 25 MPa yields only about 1.4% efficiency improvement and increasing the pressure from 25 to 30 MPa helps only about 0.8%. Since currently precise cost vs. pressure functions and detailed economic evaluations are not available it is reasonable to select 20 MPa as the current reference operating pressure. If the cycle can successfully compete with other advanced power cycles at this pressure and if future operating experience proves higher pressure more economically favorable there is room for additional efficiency improvement (supercritical steam plants are currently in service at up to 28 MPa). At any rate selection of the compressor outlet pressure of 20 MPa is conservative and does not stretch the currently available technology, while still enabling the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle to perform very well. The selection of the turbine inlet temperature is more straightforward. Since its effect on cycle efficiency is almost linear the turbine inlet temperature should be as high as possible given the capability of current materials and operating experience. The nuclear unit (AGR) operating experience with CO2 is up to 650oC and it is reasonable to expect that materials capable of handling pressures of 20 MPa and 650 oC are currently available, mainly because this temperature will be achieved only in the reactor and at the first stage of the turbine. Nevertheless, since there is currently no extensive operating experience with both 650oC and 20 MPa, 550oC is selected as the current reference turbine inlet temperature, and the turbine inlet temperature of 650oC is designated as an advanced design. 144PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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