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7.2 Methodology An important question to answer in the case of an indirect cycle is the additional volume of the intermediate heat exchangers and their cost. Furthermore, the intermediate heat exchanger design affects the cycle efficiency through the pumping power of the primary loop. This requires a high temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchangers in order to minimize their volume and pressure drop. On the other hand increasing the temperature at which the intermediate heat exchanger operates increases its cost since the allowable stresses decrease as operating temperature increases and this causes the heat exchanger volume to increase. Clearly, this is a multiple-parameter problem, for which optimization is required in the assessment of the potential of the indirect cycle. To reduce the complexity of this optimization problem only two fluids are considered: helium, to identify the feasibility of a gas-to-gas indirect cycle and lead- bismuth alloy to identify the feasibility of liquid metal or molten salt–to-gas indirect cycles. In order to optimize the cost of the intermediate heat exchangers the following method was used: First the cycle efficiency of a fully optimized recompression cycle for different pressure drops in the intermediate heat exchanger is evaluated as described in section 6.6 and 6.7 of Chapter 6. The obtained results will be used in order to speed-up the calculations: since now only the intermediate heat exchanger has to be designed, the cycle efficiency and the secondary side intermediate heat exchanger pressure drop are already known. The cycle operating conditions used for the indirect cycle optimization are 550oC turbine inlet temperature, 20 MPa compressor outlet pressure and 120m3 of total heat exchanger volume. Turbine efficiency is 90%, compressor efficiency is 89% and the cooling water inlet temperature is 27oC. The reference thermal power of the cycle is 600 MWth. The goal of the optimization is to minimize the capital cost of the plant on a $/kWe basis. The inlet and outlet reactor temperature will be changed. For every set of inlet and outlet reactor temperatures the mass flow rate and pumping power around the primary 158PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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