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Inspecting Figure 7.2 and Figure 7.4 reveals that the effect of increasing the primary coolant mass flow rate (and thus increasing the pumping power) is more important than the reduction of the heat exchanger volume due to adoption of a higher temperature difference. The minimum of the cost, with the exception of the highest reactor core outlet temperatures, is always at a very low reactor inlet temperature. Obviously, if the core inlet temperature were brought too close to the supercritical CO2 inlet temperature to the intermediate heat exchanger, the cost of the intermediate heat exchanger would increase dramatically (for details on heat exchanger cost calculations see Chapter 8). This optimum of relative capital cost versus the reactor inlet temperature is seen only at higher reactor outlet temperatures, but even at lower reactor outlet temperature the minimum reactor inlet temperature used in the analysis is very close to the optimum value. Figure 7.4 shows additional behavior of the intermediate heat exchanger design trends. The heat exchanger length to diameter ratio was optimized during the calculations. Therefore, for very large primary mass flow rates (e.g. when the reactor temperature rise is small) the heat exchanger length was reduced, which resulted in the reduction of the heat exchanger effectiveness and thus larger heat exchangers with higher cost. This can be seen in Figure 7.4, but only for reactor outlet temperatures of 580, 600 and 620 oC; for higher reactor outlet temperatures higher reactor inlet temperatures than those used in Figure 7.4 are necessary to start seeing this behavior. These temperatures were not used since the optimum of the $/kWe capital cost had been already reached and investigation of higher reactor inlet temperatures was not necessary. This shows again that the pumping power, and thus efficiency reduction, is more detrimental to the cycle cost than the intermediate heat exchanger cost. 7.4.2 Indirect Helium Single and Double Re-heated Supercritical CO2 Recompression Cycle With the use of an indirect cycle the application of re-heating becomes possible. Therefore, the same analysis as for the simple indirect cycle was carried out. Figure 7.5 165PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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