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The supercritical CO2 recompression cycle if employed in the direct version to a gas- cooled reactor can significantly reduce the cost of a nuclear plant compared to the option with a steam indirect cycle. Even the basic design with conservative turbomachinery constitutes savings of about 13% of the capital cost on a $/kWe basis. Compared to the helium Brayton cycle the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle constitutes smaller savings and in the case of the basic design it is even more expensive. Nevertheless, the operation at significantly lower temperature is beneficial and the supercritical CO2 cycle thus can replace the helium Brayton cycle. Table 8.12 shows the comparison of the basic design with the conservative turbomachinery with different ultimate heat sink options. Case 1 is the case with the isolation loop and titanium pre-cooler, Case 2 is the case with the isolation loop and stainless steel pre-cooler, Case 3 is the case without the isolation loop and with the titanium pre-cooler and Case 4 is the case without the isolation loop and with the stainless steel pre-cooler. From Table 8.12 it is apparent that the effects of using a titanium or stainless steel pre-cooler and using or omitting the isolation cooling loop are very small. As was shown previously if an isolation-cooling loop is used and the compressor inlet temperature is increased by 5oC the $/kWe capital cost increases by about 5%. Clearly, isolation cooling presents a problem in the case of the supercritical CO2 cycle. Therefore, as the reference design the system with the titanium pre-cooler and no isolation cooling loop is selected, since using the titanium pre-cooler does not significantly affect the plant capital cost. Table 8.12 Fractional costs of the supercritical CO2 cycle vs. Steam Cycle vs. Helium Cycle Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Total Capital Cost Capital Cost per kWe Total Capital Cost Capital Cost per kWe Total Capital Cost Capital Cost per kWe Total Capital Cost Capital Cost per kWe 0.906 0.831 0.902 0.827 0.902 0.827 0.896 0.821 0.883 1.015 0.877 1.008 0.878 1.009 0.872 1.002 Case 4 *Case 1 – iso loop, Ti prec, Case 2 – iso loop, SS prec, Case 3 – no iso loop, Ti prec, Case 4 – no iso loop, SS prec 199PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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