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Glossary of Scientific Terms and Abbreviations Appendix C Biofuel – Any fuel derived from biomass, i.e., recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as wood wastes, corn grain, or manure from cows. It is a renewable energy source often made from agricultural crops or residuals grown specifically for conversion to liquid or gaseous fuels. Blowout preventer (BOP or BOPE) – A fastacting valve or series of valves at the wellhead used during drilling to control wells from erupting prematurely. When zones of unexpected high pressure are encountered, the well will unload creating a “gusher” that can be extremely dangerous. A BOP can close rapidly and keep the fluid inside the well until the pressure can be released gradually. Borehole televiewer – An instrument that provides an acoustic “image” of a borehole wall by scanning it with a narrow pulsed acoustic beam from a rotating transducer while the tool is pulled up a hole. Breakeven price – In the context of the analysis contained in this assessment, the price of delivered power to the grid, given forecast increases in technology performance, drilling techniques, and reservoir stimulation and management, where the area utilization (i.e., fraction of utilized thermal resource within a given temperature and depth regime) is limited to 2% of total capacity. A9 Caldera – A volcanic basin, roughly circular with steep sides, having a diameter several times larger than the depth, formed by collapse of the central part of a volcanic center due to eruption of a large volume of volcanic ash from the underlying magma chamber. California Energy Commission (CEC) – An agency of the state of California charged with: (1) forecasting future energy needs and keeping historical energy data; (2) licensing thermal power plants with capacities of 50 MWe or larger; (3) promoting energy efficiency through appliance and building standards; (4) developing energy technologies and supporting renewable energy; and (5) planning for and directing state response to an energy emergency. Capacity factor – The ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) of the actual electrical generation to the maximum possible generation for a given period of time (usually on an annual basis). Capacity factors for geothermal plants are typically in excess of 90%. Casing string – An assemblage of tubular materials used to stabilize the hole – it may contain surface pressurecontrol equipment and downhole production equipment. Cenozoic – The current geologic era that began about 66 million years ago. Chemical tracers – A direct means of tracking fluid movement in a reservoir, thus allowing the determination of reservoir heterogeneity and an estimate of the magnitude and direction of any flow in the reservoir formation. Closedloop control system – A system that uses feedback to control states or outputs. Its name comes from the information path in the system: Process inputs have an effect on the process outputs, which are measured and processed. The result is used as input to the process, closing the loop. Cogeneration – The simultaneous generation of electricity and process heat.PDF Image | Appendix A Energy Conversion Factors Btus quads calories kWh
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