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Glossary of Scientific Terms and Abbreviations Appendix C Geofluid – Any fluid produced from a geothermal well; may be dry or superheated steam, pressurized liquid, or a mixture of liquid and vapor, usually accompanied by dissolved solids and noncondensable gases. Geopressured geothermal resource – A unique form of geofluid found in nearoffshore petroleum deposits, containing significant amounts of dissolved natural gas at very high pressure and high temperature. Geothermal – Referring to the stored thermal energy in, or heat produced from, the Earth’s interior. Geothermal gradient – The rate of increase in temperature per unit depth in the Earth. Although the geothermal gradient varies from place to place, it averages 25 to 30°C/km [1416°F/1000 ft] in normal regions. It can be several times larger in highgrade geothermal regions. GETEM – Geothermal Electric Technology Evaluation Model (GETEM) is a macromodel that estimates levelized cost of geothermal electric power in a commercial context. It was developed with funding from the U.S. DOE Geothermal Technology Program. GPM or gpm – Gallons per minute. GWe – Gigawatts electric. A measure of electric power generation. One GWe equals one billion (109) watts or 1 million kilowatts. Greenhouse gases (GHG) – Gases that permit ultraviolet light energy to enter the Earth’s atmosphere but block the transmission of infrared light energy, similar to the effect of a sheet of glass in a “hot house”; such gases notably include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Grid – A network of conductors for distribution of electric power. The electrical transmission system is commonly referred to as a “grid.” Groundsource heat pump (GSHP) – A means of controlling the temperature in buildings using the shallow Earth as a heat source in the winter and as a heat sink in the summer; the device is cyclical and behaves thermodynamically in the same way as a refrigerator, but with appropriate control valves to allow for heating or cooling as desired. GSADNAG – Geological Society of AmericaDecade in North America Geology. This project was established in 1988 as a commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the GSA and consists of numerous volumes on all geological aspects of the North American continent. Twelve volumes deal specifically with geothermal topics. HDR – Hot dry rock. See also “Heat Mining.” A type of geothermal power production system that utilizes the very high temperatures that can be found in rocks a few kilometers below ground. This is done by pumping high pressure water down a borehole into the heat zone. The water travels through fractures of the rock, capturing the heat of the rock until it is forced out of a second borehole as very hot water – the thermal energy of which is converted into electricity using either a steam turbine or a binary power plant system. All of the water, then cooled, is injected back into the ground to heat up again. A13PDF Image | Appendix A Energy Conversion Factors Btus quads calories kWh
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