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Appendix C Glossary of Scientific Terms and Abbreviations Heat mining – A process that includes the use of at least one injection well and at least one production well to extract heat from the Earth. Cold water is pumped down to and circulates through the fractured reservoir; the natural heat exchanger delivers hot, pressurized water to the production well(s). The thermal energy is converted into electric power by means of a turbinegenerator unit; residual thermal energy in the geofluid may be used for space heating. The cooled geofluid is then reinjected deep into the reservoir to maintain a cyclic operation. Heat rate – A measurement used in the energy industry to calculate how efficiently a power plant uses heat energy. It is expressed as the number of Btus of heat required to produce a kilowatthour of energy. Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) – A heat exchanger fitted to the exhaust of a gas turbine (or other power plant) to extract heat that would be otherwise wasted for use in a bottoming cycle for additional power generation. Holocene – The most recent, current epoch of the Quarternary period beginning about 10,000 years ago. A14 Hydraulic fracturing (“hydrofracing” or “jacking”) – A technique involving the application of high fluid pressure on a reservoir to enhance the existing permeability and establish interwell connectivity by opening sealed joints or by creating new fractures to allow geofluid to move more freely through the formation. Hydroelectric plant – A plant that generates electric power from the flow of water utilizing a hydrostatic or hydrodynamic gradient. Two main types are: (1) storage units that involve a dam and a water reservoir at a higher elevation, and (2) runoftheriver units involving the steady flow of water. Both use hydraulic turbines to drive electric generators. Hydrothermal – In the context of geothermal systems, refers to mineralized solutions heated by contact with hot rocks and/or cooling magma and convecting within a reservoir. IGA – International Geothermal Association. An organization that provides information on geothermal energy use around the world. Impedance – The pressure drop experienced by the geofluid while circulating through the reservoir. Intermediate load – Intermediateload generating units meet system demands that are greater than base load but less than peak load. JAS – Joint Association Survey. An annual report by the American Petroleum Institute, outlining drilling costs, overall well costs, and other geological information. Jacking – See hydraulic fracturing. Kalina cycle – A unique type of binary power plant that uses a mixture of water and ammonia as the cycle working fluid (instead of a simple organic fluid) together with various heat recuperators that improve the cycle thermal efficiency.PDF Image | Appendix A Energy Conversion Factors Btus quads calories kWh
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