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Glossary of Scientific Terms and Abbreviations Appendix C Supercritical fluid – A fluid that exists at conditions of pressure and temperature in excess of its critical temperature and pressure (its critical point), above which it cannot exist as a liquid but only as a dense fluid. Supply curve – The relationship between each possible price of a given good and the quantity of that good that would be supplied for market sale at that price. This is typically represented as a graph showing the hypothetical supply of a product or service that would be available at different price points. The supply curve usually exhibits a positive slope because higher prices give producers an incentive to supply more, in the hope of earning greater revenue. Technology diffusion model – A way to measure the amount of time and rate of speed that a technology is dispatched into the marketplace and can sustain a certain level of capacity. Tectonics – The science of the motion of the Earth’s crustal plates that results in the creation and deformation of magma and rock. Tensile failure – An effect caused by tension or stress, often resulting in a fracture. The most likely effect of water injection under high pressures would be to create a new fracture by tensile failure, thus forming the required surface area needed for heat mining. Tertiary – The geologic period beginning about 65 million years ago and ending about 1.6 million years ago. Thermal conductivity – The intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. Heat flow is proportional to the product of the thermal conductivity and the temperature gradient. Thermal drawdown rate – The drop in temperature per unit time of a body of reservoir rock, subject to the circulation of water in a closed loop as envisioned in an EGS facility. Thermal efficiency – For a cycle, the ratio of the net power output to the rate of heat input to the cycle. Thermal gradient – The rate of change of temperature with depth below the ground surface. Thermal pollution – The discharge of waste heat into the surroundings (air, bodies of water) – this is a necessary thermodynamic consequence of all thermal engines. The lower the thermal efficiency of the plant, the greater the amount of heat that must be rejected relative to the electrical power being generated. Transform (boundary) – An interface between tectonic plates, where the plates slide past each other without creating or destroying lithosphere. Transmissivity – The ability of a reservoir to allow the flow of fluid through a certain area, generally in the horizontal direction. The transmissivity is the product of the permeability (a property of the rock only, related to the interconnectedness and size of fractures or pores) and the thickness of the formation through which the fluid is flowing. Transmissivities in geothermal systems are very high, often having values greater than 100 darcymeters, compared to oil and gas reservoirs where transmissivities are typically 100 to 1,000 times smaller. A19PDF Image | Appendix A Energy Conversion Factors Btus quads calories kWh
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