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EGEC – EUROPEAN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY COUNCIL BARRIERS TO GROWTH As already mentioned, this energy source is confined to certain areas. However, suitable regions are still existing plentifully in respect to the small number of actual uses. The replication potential of both the high enthalpy and low temperature systems is high for a number of years, as long as it might take to make EGS economically viable and thus to enlarge the potential area substantially. Thus, the limitation to certain specific regions cannot be seen as a real barrier at the moment. The most problematic barriers identified comprise: 1. legal and administrative procedures 2. high initial cost 3. no guarantee of the geological success 4. the need to have both the resource and the heat consumers in close vicinity 5. in low-temperature plants, poor efficiency on the electric power production side to 1: Here the following points are problematic in some countries (see also report on FIS): • Right to use the resource, ownership of the resource • High fees and even some royalties on the use of the resource (in contrary to wind and solar!) • Lengthy administrative procedures, little or no experience with the relevant authorities to 2: The initial cost include drilling, well completion, the geothermal surface installations, the power plant and the district heating network. They are higher than for a conventional plant using natural gas or fuel oil. A geothermal plant covers everything from the production of the primary energy to the supply to the end users, with little external energy input (or even no external input in case geothermal power is used for that). In comparison, a plant using fossil fuel just has to cover the energy conversion part and the heating network, as the primary energy is bought from outside. The cost for the oil wells, gas pipelines etc. are not part of the initial cost of the conventional power plant; they are paid as part of the cost for oil and gas, and thus part of the operating cost. The investor has not to pay such cost up front, but distributed over the total lifetime of the plant. On the other hand, as the operation cost for geothermal CHP plants are low, the pay-back of the higher initial cost is secured as long as the plant lifetime exceeds the payback time. This is a typical scenario for all renewable energies. With geothermal energy, there is a specific problem, as the budget that has to be covered in the beginning is also high in absolute numbers, i.e. in the order of several 10 million €. For such high sums investment decisions and procedures are complex, and any possible risk is important (see item 3). to 3: All technologies requiring underground operation carry a certain geological risk, as the underground is not subject to direct observation before the construction is done. Modern geophysical methods allow for a high degree of certainty in site investigations, but a 100 % guarantee is impossible. Because relatively high sums are at stake in a geothermal development (e.g., the first borehole of some million € might be a loss), investors require a higher potential benefit to offset the risk. to 4: This is an issue which can not yet be controlled. It is intrinsic to the heating site of the system, as heat cannot be transported over long distances. Some Icelandic plants with distances between 13PDF Image | COMBINED GEOTHERMAL HEAT AND POWER PLANTS CHP
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