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Being a variable speed machine the turbine is capable of maintaining peak aero efficiencies at off design conditions by keeping the rotor tip speed to spouting velocity ratio in the optimum range of 0.65 to 0.70 as shown by Whitfield and Baines (1990). The heat input heat exchangers (evaporator), heat rejection heat exchangers (air cooled condenser) and a working fluid pump complete the ORC system. For the cycle analysis a combined pump and drive efficiency of 55 % was used. Figure 3 below shows the basic schematic for an ORC system and the Figures 4 and 5 represent the R245fa based organic Rankine cycle in Temperature-Entropy (T-s) and Pressure-Enthalpy (P-h) diagrams respectively. The state point 1 corresponds to evaporator exit/turbine inlet, state point 2 corresponds to turbine exit/condenser inlet, state point 3 is condenser exit/pump inlet and state point 4 corresponds to pump exit/evaporator inlet. Heat source temperatures above 140 ° C would be required to produce the required R245fa temperature and pressure at the turbine inlet, while allowing for a reasonable ∆T across the heat exchanger. Temperatures below 140 ° C would have a negative effect on the heat exchanger prices as the required surface area keeps increasing with lowering source temperature. Heat Input = 534.6 kW T = 124.4 ̊ C P = 2000.0 kPa (a) Evaporator Shaft Output = 75.0 kW Generator Output = 68.9 kW Turbine Generator R245FA Pump Input = 5.7 kW Pump Heat Rejected = 470.8 kW T= 30.0 ̊C P = 177.6 kPa (a) Condenser Fan Input = 5.6 kW 2546, Page 3 Figure 3: Schematic of an organic Rankine cycle system with R245fa as working fluid Figure 4: T-s diagram for R245fa ORC cycle Figure 5: P-h diagram for R245fa ORC cycle 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014PDF Image | Comparing R1233zd and R245fa for Low Temperature ORC Applications
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