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Table 4 shows the comparison of the turbine parameters for the two fluid. The spouting velocity in an R1233zd based turbine is higher compared to R245fa which would require the rotor to run at a higher rpm compared to the R245fa rotor to achieve a similar peak aero efficiency. A variable speed machine should be able to match the speed for peak efficiencies. With the difference in R245fa and R1233zd rotor speed for maximum efficiency being relatively small, even a fixed speed machine should be capable of extracting energy in the rotor at peak efficiency as the tip speed by spouting velocity ratio for maximum aero efficiency has a flat dome in the velocity ratios of 0.6 to 0.7. The shaft power out of the R1233zd machine is 80.4 kW compared to the original R245fa machine with 75 kW power output at the shaft at design conditions. If there is a shaft power limitation of 75 kW for the machine, then with minor modifications in the nozzle, reducing the throat area by the % of over capacity, in this case around 7% would give the required R1233zd turbine capable of 75 kW at the shaft. This can be easily achieved with changing the nozzle vane angles in case of machine having variable nozzle vanes or even for the fizzed vane nozzle new vanes can be designed to achieve the required throat area reduction without any external dimensional modifications to the turbine assembly components. Alternatively the throat area could also be reduced by decreasing the nozzle throat depth using machining/ grinding of the nozzle vane face by the required % area reduction, this would result in changed nozzle assembly dimensions, but generally without any major impact on the complete turbine assembly. When using a new working fluid in this case R1233zd, care should be taken to check the compatibility of all materials, especially sealing gaskets which come in contact with the working fluid. Turbine Parameters Inlet Temperature Inlet Pressure Outlet Temperature Outlet Pressure Pressure Ratio Spouting Velocity Mass Flow Rate Exit Volume Flow Rate Rotor Speed Units [°C] [kPa] [°C] [kPa] [-] [m/s] [kg/s] [m3/s] [rpm] [kW] R1233zd 135.0 2000 59.1 167.7 11.93 309.5 2.10 0.253 36628 80.4 R245fa 124.4 2000 59.0 191.3 10.45 295.9 2.13 0.218 35000 75.0 R1233zd can be used in existing R245fa based ORC turbine with little or no modifications. While care should be taken for components in contact with the working fluid and be checked for material compatibility. With the a reasonably close spouting velocity of R1233zd compared to R245fa at design conditions, a fixed speed machine would have a comparable turbine efficiency to that of variable speed machine when R1233zd is used as the drop in fluid. The use of low GWP R1233zd for low temperature ORC system shows promising 8.7% higher cycle efficiency when compared to an equivalent R245fa based system. This gain in performance of R1233zd when compared to R245fa system should help realize proportional reduction in cost/kW and ROI time over existing R245fa machines. R1233zd with its low GWP and high cycle efficiency when compared to R245fa could make it a great candidate for low GWP, low temperature ORC systems. 2546, Page 6 Shaft Power Table 4: R1233zd and R245fa turbine parameters comparison. 5. CONCLUSIONS 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014PDF Image | Comparing R1233zd and R245fa for Low Temperature ORC Applications
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