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622 6.5.3 Comparison with oil and gas wells Chapter 6 Drilling Technology and Costs 6.5.2 Comparison with geothermal wells geothermal fields and other specific examples. They are in reasonable agreement with current well drilling practice. For example, costs for wells at The Geysers and in Northern Nevada and the Imperial Valley are in good agreement with the cost models developed in this study. Predicted EGS well costs (from the Wellcost Lite model) are shown in Figure 6.1, alongside JAS oil/gas well costs and historical geothermal wellcost data. For depths of up to about 4,000 m, predicted well costs exceed the oil and gas average but agree with the higher geothermal wellcost data. Beyond depths of 6,000 m, predictions drop below the oil and gas average but agree with costs for ultradeep oil and gas wells within uncertainty, given the considerable scatter of the data. The Wellcost Lite predictions accurately capture a trend of nonlinearly increasing costs with depth, exhibited by historical well costs. Figure 6.8 shows predicted costs for hypothetical wells at completion depths between 1,500 m and 10,000 m. Cost predictions for three actual existing wells are also shown, for which real ratesof penetration and casing configurations were used in the analysis. These wells correspond to RH15 at Rosemanowes, GPK4 at Soultz, and Habanero2 at Cooper Basin. It should be noted that conventional U.S. cementing methods were assumed, which does not reflect the actual procedure used at GPK4. Two cost predictions were made for this particular well: one (shown in Figure 6.8) based on actual recorded bit run averages, and a second (not shown) that took the best available technology into consideration. Use of the best available technology resulted in expected savings of 17.6% compared to a predicted cost of $6.7 million when the recorded bit run averages were used to calculate the estimated well cost. Figure 6.8 also includes the actual troublefree costs from GPK4 and Habanero2, which agree with the model results within uncertainty. For example, the predicted cost of U.S. $ 5.87 million for Habanero2 is quite close to the reported actual well cost of U.S. $ 6.3 million (AUS $8.7 million). Both estimated and actual costs shown in Figure 6.8 are tabulated in Table A.6.3. The agreement between the Wellcost Lite predictions and the historical records demonstrate that the model is a useful tool for predicting actual drilling costs with reasonable confidence. Comparisons between cost estimates of the basecase geothermal wells to oil and gas wellcost averages are inconclusive and are not expected to yield valuable information. Oil and gas well costs over the various depth intervals range from less expensive to more expensive than the geothermal well costs developed from Wellcost Lite. However, an example wellcost estimate was developed for a 2,500 m (8,200 ft) oil and gas well with casing diameters that are more representative of those used in oil and gas drilling (the comparison is shown in Table 6.2). These costs are within the scatter of the JAS cost information for California. A 2,500 m well is a deep geothermal well but a shallow West Texas oil or gas well. This comparison shows the effect of well diameter on drilling costs and demonstrates why geothermal wells at shallow depths tend to be considerably more expensive than oil and gas wells of comparable depth.PDF Image | Drilling Technology and Costs
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