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Chapter 6 Drilling Technology and Costs A.6.2.1 BackgroundandbriefhistoryofthedevelopmentofWellcostLite A.6.2 Wellcost Lite Model A.6.2.2 WellcostLite–Howdoesthecostmodelwork? A more robust, yet easiertouse costing model, Wellcost Lite, was developed to more readily accommodate changes in the drilling system. 637 The Wellcost Lite model has been qualified by offering the cost estimate to someone involved in drilling that area, for their comment, agreement or disagreement. This was especially true of the earlier models. Well costs were not normally made public by the companies and, to some degree, still are not. Recently, agreements have been made between Sandia and operators to access some records. Some of these records had been kept on a RimBase format. RimBase is a cost and timeaccounting system for use on the drill rig. Records that were not initially on RimBase were handentered into the RimBase format. Reasonable agreement has been made from those records to Wellcost Lite model results. But even with those records, an estimate for a well to be drilled with a different depth, final diameter, casing design, etc. is still needed. Comparison between Wellcost Lite modeled cost and fielddrilling numbers is an ongoing effort through Sandia. Wellcost Lite is a sequential, eventbased and item costbased estimate for drilling. The model approach takes into account the time and materials cost for each action relating to the drilling of the well. The Input field acts as a reminder for each step of drilling and the cost and time involved. The Cost Information Spreadsheet retains an estimate of the cost and performance of materials and services. Well design/well planning. Each cost model is constructed by developing a well design profile. Sequentially, as the well is drilled, details for each interval are entered in the Input Section and are summed into the Wellcost Section, and subsequently presented on an AFE output format or other format. Well design is the initial step in developing the cost of an EGS well. The well design schematic and casing information is provided or developed by the modeler. The downhole geology sets (or estimates) the array of formations to be drilled in a particular well. A performance map for the well is created for bits and hole openers. With the tectonically jumbled regions, geothermal wells are very likely to vary even when close to one another. The expected downhole geological conditions are estimated from the experience of geologists and engineers familiar with the areas in question. Well control is considered in well design, especially in the top intervals of the hole. Geothermal well control pressures are mostly determined based on the temperatures expected in the well and occasionally for artesian pressures as well. The fracture tolerance gradient of the formations is used to determine the safe depths for the surface casing and subsequent casing strings. Experience has taught how much “open hole” can be exposed during drilling before it is necessary to run and cement casing to protect the integrity of the well. Wellbore stability can be a mechanical problem, where weak and ratty formations exist; or it can be a chemically based problem where the clays in the shales and other formations are weakened when exposed to the drilling fluid. The amount of open hole puts limits on how long an interval can be and how long it may be safe to expose the formations to the drilling fluids.PDF Image | Drilling Technology and Costs
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