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646 Chapter 6 Drilling Technology and Costs Trouble costs. Time and costs for troubles are entered into the Input Sections as expected. Some companies do not permit trouble cost expectations to be entered in the originating cost estimate. Separate costing modules can be created for trouble events such as lost circulation, stuck pipe, failed cement, etc. The frequency of these occurrences is more difficult to establish, because there are not enough examples to establish a statistical frequency. When trouble is to be included, interviews with individuals with knowledge of the area have been used to establish the likelihood of these trouble events. A “trouble event” time and direct cost can then be entered into Wellcost Lite Input Sheet in the appropriate interval. In many geothermal areas, for the tophole, it is common to have severe lost circulation especially above the water table. The number of events in the interval is estimated from interviews and what records are available. The degree of the trouble is also estimated. Lost circulation, stuck pipe, twistoffs, and the resulting fishing, instrumentation temperature limitations, and failed cement jobs can be significant cost items. Failed cementing jobs and collapsed casing are more complicated and difficult to properly include. For geothermal drilling records, only the identifiable troubles are listed. Trouble event times and costs can be estimated for each type and severity of problem. Output of well costs. The output of the cost model can take a number of useful forms. The information entered into the Input Section is automatically summed in the Wellcost Section. The cost summary for each interval is available from the Wellcost Section. At the end of each interval, a total time and cost are summed and listed. Because most drilling authorizations are put in an authorization for expenditures (AFE) format, it is used as one of the output formats for Wellcost Lite. Other formats have evolved for specific uses. The variations needed for the EGS Cost of Geothermal Power consideration were reduced to a representative curve, a simplification, for ease of use. There will be a unique curve for different geological areas.PDF Image | Drilling Technology and Costs
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