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Preface / Introduction 1. Renewable energy (Renewables) is energy that is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly at a rate equal to or greater then the rate of consumption. In its various forms, Renewables derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Renewables come in many forms: Electricity generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower, and ocean sources; Heat generated from solar thermal, geothermal and biomass sources; Bio-fuels and hydrogen obtained from renewable sources. Therefore, Renewables are capable supplying most of worlds energy needs and have the potential to support global economic development. 2. Renewables technologies have made considerable progress over the last few decades. Through technology development - much carried out through international collaboration - many Renewables options have reached levels of maturity that allow broad market deployment, while others are finding cost effective applications in expanding niche markets. The significant increase over the last few years of emerging technologies such as wind, solar both thermal and electric (photovoltaic, PV), as well as modern bioenergy plants, is concentrated in countries, which are leaders in R&D spending. 3. Even if Renewables production has doubled since 1970, the share of Renewables in energy supply in EU-Member States has stagnated around 6%. This means that Renewables just could keep pace with the overall increase in energy demand but more needs to be done to expand their shares in the fuel mix. Thus more public supporting measures and initiatives in a larger number of countries will be necessary to raise renewable energy percentages in national and EU-level energy supply and to give Renewables technologies the role it could play to foster a more sustainable energy supply. 4. Renewables add to the diversity of the energy supply portfolio, and reduce the risk of energy price fluctuations, as well as constraints on supply. Distributed Renewables provide options to consumers not otherwise available. And Renewables are the most environmentally benign of the options available in current and near-term markets. Also, Renewables are the only future eventually energy sources if fusion fails and coal remains dirty. 5. Expanded use of Renewables, in combination with increased energy efficiency as well as rational energy use in all sectors of energy consumers can reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, thus enhancing energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 6. Technological progress will influence the market deployment of Renewables technologies. Commitment on the part of policy and industry is necessary to stimulate demand and significantly increase use of emerging Renewables technologies. 4PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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