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13. The hydropower industry needs to maximize the use of its existing resources and adopt collaborative approaches to developing new projects that meet sustainability guidelines. Governments probably have the greatest role by supporting existing hydropower as and where it is sustainable and promoting and supporting the development of new projects that also meets sustainability guidelines. 14.The maturity of hydropower, the longevity of hydropower plants and the dams and waterways associated with them, and the high availability and reliability of the power output leads many to question what R&D is left to do or is even necessary. Because of this attitude in many organizations and governments, the hydropower business has fallen behind in many areas and fails to attract R&D funding. Hiring well-qualified staff to the industry is also difficult in many regions. 15. Small-hydropower development requires multidisciplinary R&D involving technological know-how that is widely dispersed in Europe. It is therefore essential to co-ordinate small-hydro R&D, and to move over from a situation where know-how and results are dispersed, and necessarily incomplete, to one where work is systematic and co-ordinated, within framework of research programmes. 16. The highest priorities to focus new, additional R&D spending over the next 20 years can be classified under technical, economic and socio/environmental categories. Technical priorities include: • Continuing equipment and materials development (by equipment manufacturers). • Improved performance of existi ng hydropower plants. • Innovative approaches to add generation to dams. • In-stream flow technologies (in conjunction with ocean energy). • Integration of wind into hydropower systems. • Development of hybrid systems for small hydropower in conjunction with wind- and photovoltaic systems. • Training and education of professional and technical staff. Economic priorities include: • Reducing O&M costs for existing and new hydropower plants. • Innovative financing for new hydropower plants. • Developing hydropower in developing countries. • Improved risk management processes. • Financial resources to upgrade existing projects in non OECD countries. Socio-economic priorities include: • Increased public acceptance of hydropower. • Auditable process to certify hydropower projects as sustainable. • Safety and security of hydropower facilities. 17. The focus of R&D funding for hydropower should be prioritised to cover the following key issues: • Provide approval mechanisms to ensure sustainable development that meets government and public acceptance. • Provide funding mechanisms for new projects in developing countries and existing low performing projects in non-OECD countries. • Develop improvements in technology (systems, materials, manufacturing processes) and performance (systems and processes) for new and existing projects. • Develop/improve technologies for dams with power plants, and rivers with in-stream flow generation potential. 76PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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