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(D) Priorities for augmented R&D 14. R&D funding for geothermal energy peaked in 1980 at US$ 430 million and reached a minimum of US$ 56 million in 2002. With the long term objective of increasing electrical production to as much as 5% of global generation by 2020 and parallel rapid growth in heat use, the main areas requiring improvement have to be in cost- effectiveness in the marketplace, improved resource assessment, better public awareness and addressing environmental barriers. 15. Some of the current R&D priorities being addressed are: • Environmental i mpacts of geothermal energy. • Enhanced geothermal systems. • Deep Geothermal Resources. • Advanced geothermal drilling techniques. • Direct use of geothermal energy. • Sustainability of geothermal energy use. • Geothermal power generation cycles. 16.Though geothermal is in many ways a mature technology, it now requires increased financial support to attain its ambitious goals. 17. Private sector share of R&D is limited. For better leverage of public funds and assured dissemination and use of results, it is proposed that government support of some projects be contingent on matching private sector investments. 18.In addition to the current R&D work, it is necessary to inform stakeholders of the benefits of geothermal energy, encourage partnerships that allow benefits to flow back to the community and clear commitment on the part of national governments on the positive impact of new technologies towards mitigation of CO2 emissions. 19.Some of the specific priorities for additional R&D could include funding to expedite the completion of current priorities as well as new topics and include increased production and dissemination of information towards: • Development of better exploration and resource confirmation and management tools. • Commercial development of enhanced geothermal systems. • Development of deep (>3,000 m) geothermal resources. • Increased geothermal co-generation (power and heat). • Reduction of costs of geothermal well drilling, logging and completion. • Increased direct use of geothermal resources for space/district heating and multipurpose “cascading”. • Better understanding and mitigation of environmental effects. In addition, dissemination of appropriate information to stakeholders is essential. 20. More general priorities being proposed include: • Life cycle analysis of geothermal power generation and direct use systems. • Sustainable production form geothermal resources. • Power generation by improved conversion efficiency cycles. • Shallow geothermal resources for small-scale individual users. • Induced seismicity related to geothermal power generation (conventional and enhanced geothermal systems). 80PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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