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22. The boilers, electricity generating and liquefaction plants which have been or will be developed for EU use should have significant markets overseas if they are good enough and competitive. AGE does not see the need for an EU-wide R&D programme to achieve this, but the Commission should encourage companies to adopt best practice by providing good information and develop better products, aided by tax relief on R&D, export credit guarantees etc. (E) Assessment of biomass technologies 23. AGE’s evaluation of biomass energy against its standard criteria is given in the following table. If energy prices were to rise significantly or large carbon taxes were introduced, the additional use of bio-fuels could be substantial, in the range of 5 to 10 % of EU energy demand, without dramatic technological breakthroughs. Cheaper and more effective processes for converting biomass to liquids, or much larger increases in conventional energy prices, would allow an even bigger contribution. Biomass Energy against Evaluation Criteria Criterion Comments Potential Economic Contribution at current energy prices small additional ( but a few % of EU demand if fossil fuels carry a carbon tax) at 2 times current substantial - an additional 5 - 10% of total demand at 4 times current probably large - from EU and imports Health & Safety Impacts to work force good - similar to agriculture to public excellent Environment Friendliness locally good - with modern equipment global warming good - but needs careful monitoring over life cycle Input Sustainability excellent Security of supply excellent - significant indigenous supplies and no imports from Middle East Compatibility with EU needs fair - fuel storage is easy but energy transport to urban areas is not Deliverability fair - some new infrastructure required The need for EU - wide R & D good - need for long-term research and to spread best-current-practice Secondary (spin-off) merits excellent - major markets for equipment outside EU Special Factors excellent - strong public support 86PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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